Macrocyclic LRRK2 kinase inhibitors

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to novel macrocylic compounds and compositions containing said compounds acting as kinase inhibitors, in particular as inhibitors of LRRK2 (Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2). Moreover, the present invention provides processes for the preparation of the disclosed compounds, as well as methods of using them, for instance as a medicine or diagnostic agent, in particular for the treatment and/or diagnosis of diseases characterized by LRRK2 kinase activity such as neurological disorders including Parkinson&#39;s disease and Alzheimer&#39;s disease.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional application of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 14/348,138, filed Mar. 28, 2014, which is the U.S. NationalPhase of International Patent Application No. PCT/IB2012/002318, filedSep. 28, 2012, which claims priority to International Patent ApplicationNo. PCT/EP2011/067086, filed Sep. 30, 2011, the contents of each arehereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to novel macrocylic compounds andcompositions containing said compounds acting as kinase inhibitors, inparticular as inhibitors of LRRK2 (Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2).Moreover, the present invention provides processes for the preparationof the disclosed compounds, as well as methods of using them, forinstance as a medicine or diagnostic agent, in particular for thetreatment and/or diagnosis of diseases characterized by LRRK2 kinaseactivity such as neurological disorders including Parkinson's diseaseand Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disorder of the central nervoussystem. It results from the death of dopaminergic neurones in themidbrain. In the early stages of the disease the most obvious symptomsare movement-related such as shaking, slowness of movement anddifficulty with walking. Later on also cognitive and behaviouralproblems arise, with dementia commonly occurring in the advanced stagesof the disease. Although Parkinson's disease is generally considered tobe sporadic, within the last decade, a few mutations in the LRRK2(leucine rich repeat kinase 2) gene have been linked to Parkinson'sdisease (WO2006068492 and WO2006045392). LRRK2, also known as dardarin,is a member of the leucine-rich repeat kinase family havingmixed-lineage kinase activity, in particular in the brain, but also inother tissues throughout the body. Researchers have identified over 20LRRK2 mutations in families with late-onset Parkinson Disease. Forexample the G2019S mutation co-segregates with autosomal dominantParkinsonism and accounts for about 6% of familial Parkinson's diseasecases and 3% sporadic Parkinson's disease cases in Europe. The G2019Smutation occurs in the highly conserved kinase domain and it hastherefore been postulated that the G2019S mutation may have an effect onkinase activity (WO2006068492). Furthermore, amino acid substitutions ata second residue R1441 are also associated with Parkinson's disease andhave also been shown to elevate LRRK2 kinase activity. Over-expressionof the mutant LRRK2 protein R1441G in transgenic mouse models (Li, Y etal. 2009, Nature Neuroscience 12:826-828) is associated with symptoms ofParkinson's disease as well as reduced dopamine release, suggesting thatinhibitors of LRRK2 could also positively regulate dopamine release andhave potential utility in treatment of conditions characterized byreduced dopamine levels, such as withdrawal sypmtoms/relapse associatedwith drug addiction; Tauopathy diseases such as Alzheimer's disease,argyrophilic grain disease, Pick's disease, corticobasal degeneration;inherited frontotemporal dementia; and Parkinson's disease. Two furthermutations in LRRK2 have been clinically associated with the transitionfrom mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease (WO200714979).These data further provide evidence that inhibitors of LRRK2 kinaseactivity could be useful for the treatment of dementias and relatedneurodegenerative disorders. Thus, pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2kinase is an attractive strategy towards mechanism-based therapies inneurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer'sdisease. It was therefore an object of the present invention to providecompounds and compositions comprising said compounds, acting asinhibitors of LRRK2 kinases.

Until today several (non-macrocyclic) pyrazolopyrimidines have beensuggested for the treatment of neuronal disorders, in particularAlzheimer's disease and/or Parkinson's disease (see for exampleEP1908764, U.S. Pat. No. 6,194,410, EP1354884, EP0729758 and U.S. Pat.No. 6,194,410). However, none of the compounds disclosed in saidreferences have been shown to have LRRK2 inhibitory activity.

Furthermore, the currently developed LRRK2 kinase inhibitors, inparticular those for the treatment of neuronal disorders, do notcomprise macrocyclic pyrazolopyrimidine moieties (see for exampleWO2009127652, WO2011038572).

Nonetheless, there is a continuing need to design and develop LRRK2kinase inhibitors for the treatment of neuronal disorders. We have nowfound that the macrocyclic pyrazolopyrimidines and pharmaceuticallyacceptable compositions according to this invention are useful for thetreatment of several neuronal disorders associated with LRRK2 kinaseactivity.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

We have surprisingly found that the macrocyclic compounds describedherein act as kinase inhibitors, in particular LRRK2 kinase inhibitors.

In a first objective the present invention provides a compound ofFormula I or a stereoisomer, tautomer, racemic, metabolite, pro- orpredrug, salt, hydrate, N-oxide form, or solvate thereof,

Wherein

-   A₁ and A₂ are selected from C and N; wherein when A₁ is C, then A₂    is N; and wherein when A₂ is C, then A₁ is N;-   R₁ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₉R₁₀, —(C═O)—R₄, —SO₂—R₄, —CN,    —NR₉—SO₂—R₄, -Het₁; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and    independently substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected    from -halo, —OH, —NR₁₁R₁₂, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl;-   R₂ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═O)—NR₂₇R₂₈, -Het₃, —(C═O)-Het₃, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₃, —Ar₂, —NR₁₃R₁₄;-   R₃ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    -Het₂, —(C═O)-Het₂, —(C═O)—NR₂₉R₃₀, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl,    —SC₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₅R₁₆, -Het₂, —Ar₄;-   R₄ is selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₇R₁₈, -Het₄;-   R₅ and R₇ are each independently selected from —H, -halo,    —C₁₋₆alkyl, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅, —Ar₁, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —SO₂—Ar₃, —SO₂, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O), —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of said    C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to    3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl,    -Het₅, —NR₂₃R₂₄;-   R₆ is selected from —SO₂, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O), —(C═S),    —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═S)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═O)—C₂₋₆alkenyl, —(C═S)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═S)—C₂₋₆alkenyl,    —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂,    —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂,    —SO₂—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═O)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═S)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl,    —(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═O)-Het₅, —(C═S)-Het₅,    —(C═O)—Ar₆, —(C═S)—Ar₆, —(C═O)—NR₃₁—(C═O)—R₃₂; wherein each of said    C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to    3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl,    -Het₅, —NR₂₅R₂₆;-   R₈ is selected from —NR₃₄—(C═O)—R₃₅, —NR₃₆—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅,    —NR₃₄—(SO2)-R₃₅, —NR₃₄—(C═O)—O—R₃₅, —O—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅;-   R₉, R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₄, R₁₅, R₁₆, R₁₇, R₁₈, R₁₉, R₂₀, R₂₁, R₂₂,    R₂₃, R₂₄, R₂₅, R₂₆, R₂₇, R₂₈, R₂₉, R₃₀, R₃₁, R₃₂, R₃₃, R₃₄, R₃₅,    R₃₆, R₃₇, R₃₈, R₃₉, and R₄₀ are each independently selected from —H,    -halo, —O, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl or -Het₁;    wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently    substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₆, —Ar₅;-   X₁ is selected from —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —(C═O)—, —NR₃—(C═O)—, —NR₃—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —SO₂—NR₃—; wherein each    of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with    from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₃₇R₃₈;-   X₂ is selected from —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —(C═O)—, —(C═O)—NR₂—,    —NR₂—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —NR₂—, —SO₂—NR₂—; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is    optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3    substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₃₉R₄₀;-   B is selected from —(C═O)—, —(C═N)—R₃—, —(SO₂)—, —(C═O)—NR₅—,    —(C═S)—NR₅—, —NR₅—(C═O)—NR₇—, —NR₅—(C═S)—NR₇—, —SO₂—NR₅—, —NR₆—,    —NR₅—(C═O)—O—, —NR₅—(C═S)—O—, —CHR₈—;-   Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃, Ar₄, Ar₅, and Ar₆ are each independently a 5- or    6-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally comprising 1 or 2    heteroatoms selected from O, N and S; each of said Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃,    Ar₄, and Ar₅ being optionally and independently substituted with    from 1 to 3 substituents selected from —NR₁₉R₂₀, —C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl;-   Het₁, Het₂, Het₃, Het₄, Het₅, and Het₆ are each independently a 5-    or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle having from 1 to 3 heteroatoms    selected from O, N and S, wherein each heterocycle is being    optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3    substituents selected from -halo, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —OC₁₋₆alkyl,    —SC₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₂₁R₂₂; each of said —C₁₋₆alkyl being optionally    substituted with from 1 to 3 -halo;-   Z₁, Z₂, Z₃, Z₄ and Z₅ are each independently selected from C and N

In particular, the present invention provides a compound of Formula I ora stereoisomer, tautomer, racemic, metabolite, pro- or predrug, salt,hydrate, N-oxide form, or solvate thereof, wherein

-   A₁ and A₂ are selected from C and N; wherein when A₁ is C, then A₂    is N; and wherein when A₂ is C, then A₁ is N;-   R₁ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆acycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₉R₁₀, —(C═O)—R₄, —SO₂—R₄, —CN,    —NR₉—SO₂—R₄, -Het₁; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and    independently substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected    from -halo, —OH, —NR₁₁R₁₂, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl;-   R₂ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═O)—NR₂₇R₂₆, -Het₃, —(C═O)-Het₃, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₃, —Ar₂, —NR₁₃R₁₄;-   R₃ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    -Het₂, —(C═O)-Het₂, —(C═O)—NR₂₉R₃₀, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl,    —SC₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₅R₁₆, -Het₂, —Ar₄;-   R₄ is selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₇R₁₈, -Het₄;-   R₅ and R₇ are each independently selected from —H, -halo,    —C₁₋₆alkyl, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅, —Ar₁, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —SO₂—Ar₃, —SO₂, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O), —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of said    C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to    3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl,    -Het₅, —NR₂₃R₂₄;-   R₆ is selected from —SO₂, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O), —(C═S),    —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═S)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═O)—C₂₋₆alkenyl, —(C═S)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═S)—C₂₋₆alkenyl,    —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂,    —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C═O)—NR₃₃R₃₂, —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂,    —SO₂—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═O)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═S)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl,    —(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═O)-Het₅, —(C═S)-Het₅,    —(C═O)—Ar₆, —(C═S)—Ar₆, —(C═O)—NR₃₁—(C═O)—R₃₂; wherein each of said    C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to    3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl,    -Het₅, —NR₂₅R₂₆;-   R₈ is selected from —NR₃₄—(C═O)—R₃₅, —NR₃₆—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅,    —NR₃₄—(SO2)-R₃₅, —NR₃₄—(C═O)—O—R₃₅, —O—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅;-   R₉, R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₄, R₁₅, R₁₆, R₁₇, R₁₈, R₁₉, R₂₀, R₂₁, R₂₂,    R₂₃, R₂₄, R₂₅, R₂₆, R₂₇, R₂₈, R₂₉, R₃₀, R₃₁, R₃₂, R₃₃, R₃₄, R₃₅,    R₃₆, R₃₇, R₃₈, R₃₉ and R₄₀ are each independently selected from —H,    -halo, —O, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl or -Het₁;    wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently    substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₆, —Ar₅;-   X₁ is selected from —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —(C═O)—, —NR₃—(C═O)—, —NR₃—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —SO₂—NR₃—; wherein each    of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with    from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₃₇R₃₈; wherein when X₁ is —O—CH₂—,    then R₅ is not —H;-   X₂ is selected from —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —(C═O)—, —(C═O)—NR₂—,    —NR₂—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —NR₂—, —SO₂—NR₂—; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl    C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to    3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₃₉R₄₀;-   B is selected from —(C═O)—, —(C═N)R₃₉—, —(SO₂)—, —(C═O)—NR₅—,    —(C═S)—NRr, —NR₅—(C═O)—NR₇—, —NR₅—(C═S)—NR₇—, —SO₂—NR₅—, —NR₆—,    —NR₅—(C═O)—O—, —NR₅—(C═S)—O—, —CHR₈—;-   Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃, Ar₄, Ar₅, and Ar₆ are each independently a 5- or    6-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally comprising 1 or 2    heteroatoms selected from O, N and S; each of said Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃,    Ar₄, and Ar₅ being optionally and independently substituted with    from 1 to 3 substituents selected from —NR₁₉R₂₀, —C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl;-   Het₁, Het₂, Het₃, Het₄, Het₅, and Het₆ are each independently a 5-    or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle having from 1 to 3 heteroatoms    selected from O, N and S, wherein each heterocycle is being    optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3    substituents selected from -halo, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —OC₁₋₆alkyl,    —SC₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₂₁R₂₂; each of said —C₁₋₆alkyl being optionally    substituted with from 1 to 3 -halo;-   Z₁, Z₂, Z₃, Z₄ and Z₅ are each independently is selected from C and    N

More in particular the present invention provides a compound of FormulaI or a stereoisomer, tautomer, racemic, metabolite, pro- or predrug,salt, hydrate, N-oxide form, or solvate thereof, wherein,

-   A₁ is N and A₂ is C;-   R₁ is selected from —H, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₉R₁₀, —SO₂—R₄, —CN, —NR₉—SO₂—R₄,    -Het₁; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and    independently substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected    from -halo, —OH, —NR₁₁R₁₂, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl;-   R₂ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═O)—NR₂₇R₂₈, -Het₃, —(C═O)-Het₃, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₃, —Ar₂, —NR₁₃R₁₄;-   R₃ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    -Het₂, —(C═O)-Het₂, —(C═O)—NR₂₉R₃₀, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl,    —SC₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₅R₁₆, -Het₂, —Ar₄;-   R₄ is selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₇R₁₈, -Het₄;-   R₅ and R₇ are each independently selected from —H, -halo,    —C₁₋₆alkyl, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —Het₅, —Ar₁, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —SO₂—Ar₃, —SO₂, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O), —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of said    C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to    3 substituents selected from —OH, —OC₁₋₄alkyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅,    —NR₂₃R₂₄;-   R₆ is selected from —SO₂, —(C═O), —(C═S), —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═O)—C₂₋₆alkenyl, —(C═S)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═S)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═S)—C₂₋₆alkenyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂,    —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂,    —(C═S)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═O)-Het₅, —(C═S)-Het₅,    —(C═O)—NR₃₁—(C═O)—R₃₂; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally    and independently substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected    from —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅, —NR₂₅R₂₆;-   R₈ is selected from —NR₃₆—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅, —NR₃₄—(SO2)-R₃₅,    —NR₃₄—(C═O)—O—R₃₅, —O—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅;-   R₉, R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₄, R₁₅, R₁₆, R₁₇, R₁₈, R₁₉, R₂₀, R₂₁, R₂₂,    R₂₃, R₂₄, R₂₅, R₂₆, R₂₇, R₂₈, R₂₉, R₃₀, R₃₁, R₃₂, R₃₃, R₃₄, R₃₅,    R₃₆, R₃₇, R₃₈, R₃₉ and R₄₀ are each independently selected from —H;    -halo, —O, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl or -Het₁;    wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently    substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₆, —Ar₅;-   X₁ is selected from —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —(C═O)—, —NR₃—(C═O)—, —NR₃—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —SO₂—NR₃—; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl    is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3    substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₃₇R₃₈;-   X₂ is selected from —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —(C═O)—, —(C═O)—NR₂—, —NR₂—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —NR₂—, —SO₂—NR₂—; wherein    each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted    with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₃₉R₄₀;-   B is selected from —(C═O)—, —(C═N)R₃₉—, —(SO2)-, —(C═O)—NR₅—,    —(C═S)—NR₅—, —NR₅—(C═O)—NR₇—, —NR₅—(C═S)—NR₇—, —SO₂—NR₅—, —NR₆—,    —NR₅—(C═S)—O—, —CHR₈—;-   Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃, Ar₄, Ar₅, and Ar₆ are each independently a 5- or    6-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally comprising 1 or 2    heteroatoms selected from O, N and S; each of said Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃,    Ar₄, and Ar₅ being optionally and independently substituted with    from 1 to 3 substituents selected from —NR₁₉R₂₀, —C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl;-   Het₁, Het₂, Het₃, Het₄, Het₅, and Het₆ are each independently a 5-    or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle having from 1 to 3 heteroatoms    selected from O, N and S, wherein each heterocycle is being    optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3    substituents selected from -halo, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —OC₁₋₆alkyl,    —SC₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₂₁R₂₂; each of said —C₁₋₆alkyl being optionally    substituted with from 1 to 3 -halo;-   Z₁, Z₂, Z₃, Z₄ and Z₅ are each C.

More in particular the present invention provides a compound of FormulaI or a stereoisomer, tautomer, racemic, metabolite, pro- or predrug,salt, hydrate, N-oxide form, or solvate thereof, wherein,

-   A₁ and A₂ are selected from C and N; wherein when A₁ is C, then A₂    is N; and wherein when A₂ is C, then A₁ is N;-   R₁ is selected from —H, -halo, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—R₄,    and —CN; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and    independently substituted with from 1 to 3 —OH;-   R₂ is selected from —H and —C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of said    C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to    3 substituents selected from —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₃R₁₄;-   R₃ is selected from —H and —C₁₋₆alkyl;-   R₄ is —NR₁₇R₁₈;-   R₅ and R₇ are each independently selected from —H, —C₁₋₆alkyl;    wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently    substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, and    —NR₂₃R₂₄;-   R₆ is selected from —SO₂, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(CO)—C₂₋₆alkenyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —SO₂—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl,    —(C═O)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═O)-Het₅, —(C═O)—Ar₆;    wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently    substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH,    —OC₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅, —NR₂₅R₂₆;-   R₈ is —NR₃₄—(C═O)—R₃₅;-   R₁₃, R₁₄, R₁₇, R₁₈, R₂₃, R₂₄, R₂₅, R₂₆, R₃₁, R₃₂, R₃₄, and R₃₅ are    each independently selected from —H, —C₁₋₆alkyl, and    —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;-   X₁ is selected from —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —NR₃—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═O)—NR—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —SO₂—NR₃—; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and    independently substituted with from 1 to 3 —C₁₋₆alkyl;-   X₂ is selected from —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —NR₂—C₁₋₆alkyl-;-   B is selected from —(C═O)—NR₅—, —NR₅—(C═O)—NR₇—, —SO₂—NR₅—, —NR₆—,    —NR₅—(C═O)—O—, —CHR₈—;-   Ar₆ is a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally comprising    1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O, N and S;-   Het₅ is a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle having from 1 to 3    heteroatoms selected from O, N and S, wherein each heterocycle is    being optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3    —C₁₋₆alkyl; each of said —C₁₋₆alkyl being optionally substituted    with from 1 to 3 -halo;-   Z₁, Z₂, Z₃, Z₄ and Z₅ are each independently selected from C and N

More in particular the present invention provides a compound of FormulaI or a stereoisomer, tautomer, racemic, metabolite, pro- or predrug,salt, hydrate, N-oxide form, or solvate thereof, wherein

-   A₁ is N and A₂ is C;-   R₁, R₂, R₃ and R₅ are each —H;-   R₆ is selected from —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, and    —(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and    independently substituted with from 1 to 3 —NR₂₅R₂₆;-   R₂₅ and R₂₆, are each independently selected from —H, and    —C₁₋₆alkyl;-   R₃₁ and R₃₂ are each —H-   X₁ is selected from —O—C₁₋₆alkyl and —NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-;-   X₂ is —NR₂—C₁₋₆alkyl-;-   B is selected from —(C═O)—NR₅—, and —NR₆—;-   Z₁, Z₂, Z₃, Z₄ and Z₅ are each C

More in particular the present invention provides a compound selectedfrom the list comprising

In particular for the compounds according to this invention, thepyrazolopyrimidine moiety is linked to the aryl or heteroaryl moiety atposition Z₁ or Z₂, in accordance with the numbering as provided inFormula I, and/or R₁ is linked to the aryl or heteroaryl moiety atposition Z₃, Z₄ or Z₅, in accordance with the numbering as provided inFormula I.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide(pharmaceutical) compositions comprising a compound according to thisinvention. In particular, the compounds and compositions according tothis invention are suitable for use as a human or veterinary medicine.The compounds and compositions according to this invention are suitablefor inhibiting the activity of a kinase, in particular LRRK2 kinase, andmay be used for the treatment and/or prevention of neurologicaldisorders such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease.

In a final objective, the present invention provides a method for theprevention and/or treatment of a neurological disorder, such asAlzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease; said method comprisingadministering to a subject in need thereof a compound or a compositionaccording to this invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1: Autophosphorylation of LRRK1 in the presence of 1 μM compound(mean+/−SD, N=3)

FIG. 2: Cellular phosphostatus of LRRK1 in the presence of 1 μM compound(mean+/−SD, N=3)

FIG. 3: Cellular phosphostatus of LRRK2 in the presence of 1 μM compound(mean+/−SD, N=4)

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention will now be further described. In the followingpassages, different aspects of the invention are defined in more detail.Each aspect so defined may be combined with any other aspect or aspectsunless clearly indicated to the contrary. In particular, any featureindicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with anyother feature or features indicated as being preferred or advantageous.

Unless a context dictates otherwise, asterisks are used herein toindicate the point at which a mono- or bivalent radical depicted isconnected to the structure to which it relates and of which the radicalforms part.

As already mentioned hereinbefore, in a first aspect the presentinvention provides compounds of Formula I or a stereoisomer, tautomer,racemic, metabolite, pro- or predrug, salt, hydrate, N-oxide form, orsolvate thereof

wherein

-   A₁ and A₂ are selected from C and N; wherein when A₁ is C, then A₂    is N; and wherein when A₂ is C, then A₁ is N;-   R₁ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₉R₁₀, —(C═O)—R₄, —SO₂—R₄, —CN,    —NR₉—SO₂—R₄, -Het₁; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and    independently substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected    from -halo, —OH, —NR₁₁R₁₂, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl;-   R₂ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═O)—NR₂₇R₂₈, -Het₃, —(C═O)-Het₃, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₃, —Ar₂, —NR₁₃R₁₄;-   R₃ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    -Het₂, —(C═O)-Het₂, —(C═O)—NR₂₉R₃₀, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl,    —SC₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₅R₁₆, -Het₂, —Ar₄;-   R₄ is selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₇R₁₈, -Het₄;-   R₅ and R₇ are each independently selected from —H, -halo,    —C₁₋₆alkyl, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅, —Ar₁, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —SO₂—Ar₃, —SO₂, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O), —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of said    C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to    3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl,    -Het₅, —NR₂₃R₂₄;-   R₆ is selected from —SO₂, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O), —(C═S),    —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═S)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═O)—C₂₋₆alkenyl, —(C═S)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═S)—C₂₋₆alkenyl,    —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂,    —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂,    —SO₂—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═O)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═S)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl,    —(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═O)-Het₅, —(C═S)-Het₅,    —(C═O)—Ar₆, —(C═S)—Ar₆, —(C═O)—NR₃₁—(C═O)—R₃₂; wherein each of said    C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to    3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl,    -Het₅, —NR₂₅R₂₆;-   R₈ is selected from —NR₃₄—(C═O)—R₃₅, —NR₃₆—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅,    —NR₃₄—(SO2)-R₃₅, —NR₃₄—(C═O)—O—R₃₅, —O—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅;-   R₉, R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₄, R₁₅, R₁₆, R₁₇, R₁₈, R₁₉, R₂₀, R₂₁, R₂₂,    R₂₃, R₂₄, R₂₅, R₂₆, R₂₇, R₂₈, R₂₉, R₃₀, R₃₁, R₃₂, R₃₃, R₃₄, R₃₅,    R₃₆, R₃₇, R₃₈, R₃₉ and R₄₀ are each independently selected from —H,    -halo, —O, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl or -Het₁;    wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently    substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₆, —Ar₅;-   X₁ is selected from —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —(C═O)—, —NR₃—(C═O)—, —NR₃—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —SO₂—NR₃—; wherein each    of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with    from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₃₇R₃₈;-   X₂ is selected from —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —(C═O)—, —(C═O)—NR₂—,    —NR₂—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —NR₂—, —SO₂—NR₂—; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is    optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3    substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₃₉R₄₀;-   B is selected from —(C═O)—, —(C═N)—R₃₉—, —(SO₂)—, —(C═O)—NR₅—,    —(C═S)—NR₅—, —NR₅—(C═O)—NR₇—, —NR₅—(C═S)—NR₇—, —SO₂—NR₅—, —NR₆—,    —NR₅—(C═O)—O—, —NR₅—(C═S)—O—, —CHR₈—;-   Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃, Ar₄, Ar₅, and Ar₆ are each independently a 5- or    6-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally comprising 1 or 2    heteroatoms selected from O, N and S; each of said Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃,    Ar₄, and Ar₅ being optionally and independently substituted with    from 1 to 3 substituents selected from —NR₁₉R₂₀, —C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl;-   Het₁, Het₂, Het₃, Het₄, Het₅, and Het₆ are each independently a 5-    or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle having from 1 to 3 heteroatoms    selected from O, N and S, wherein each heterocycle is being    optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3    substituents selected from -halo, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —OC₁₋₆alkyl,    —SC₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₂₁R₂₂; each of said —C₁₋₆alkyl being optionally    substituted with from 1 to 3 -halo;-   Z₁, Z₂, Z₃, Z₄ and Z₅ are each independently selected from C and N

Unless indicated otherwise, all of the above radicals can be read bothways. For example, when B is —(C═O)—NR₅—, the —(C═O)— is attached to X₂and —NR₅— is attached to X₁. Alternatively, the —(C═O)— is attached toX₁ and —NR₅— is attached to X₁.

What is called “left part” of a radical is for example when B is—(C═O)—NR₅—, —(C═O)—, and the “right part” is —NR₅—.

Preferably, B is such as the left part of the possible values of B (i.e.in particular —(C═N) from —(C═N)R₃₉, —(C═O) from —(C═O)—NR₅, —(C═S) from—(C═S)—NR₅, —CH from —CHR₈—, —NR₅ from —NR₅—(C═O)—NR₇, —NR₅—(C═S)—NR₇,NR₅—(C═O)—O— and NR₅—(C═S)—O—, —SO₂ from —SO₂—NR₅) is attached to X₁.Alternatively, B is such as the right part of the possible values of B(i.e. in particular (R₃₉)— from —(C═N)R₃₉, (NR₅)— from —(C═O)—NR₅,—SO₂—NR₅ and —(C═S)—NR₅, (NR₇)— from —NR₅—(C═O)—NR₇ and —NR₅—(C═S)—NR₇,O— from NR₅—(C═O)—O— and NR₅—(C═S)—O—, R₈— from —CHR₈— is attached toX₁.

Preferably, X₁ is such as the left part of the possible values of X₁(i.e. in particular —O from —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S from —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₃from —NR₃—(C═O) and —NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl, —SO₂ from —SO₂—NR₃) is attached tothe Z₁-Z₅ aryl or heteroaryl moiety. Alternatively, X₁ is such as theright part of the possible values of X₁ (i.e. in particular (C₁₋₆alkyl)-from —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl and —NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O) from—NR₃—(C═O), (NR₃)— from —SO₂—NR₃) is attached to the Z₁-Z₅ aryl orheteroaryl moiety.

Preferably, X₂ is such as the left part of the possible values of X₂(i.e. in particular —O from —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S from —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)from —(C═O)—NR₂, —NR₂ from —NR₂—C₁₋₆alkyl, —SO₂ from —SO₂—NR₂) isattached to the pyrazolopyrimidine moiety. Alternatively, X₂ is such asthe right part of the possible values of X₂ (i.e. in particular(C₁₋₆alkyl)- from —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl and —NR₂—C₁₋₆alkyl, (NR₂)—from —(C═O)—NR₂ and —SO₂—NR₂) is attached to the pyrazolopyrimidinemoiety.

The same principle applies to all the radicals of the invention unlessspecified otherwise.

When describing the compounds of the invention, the terms used are to beconstrued in accordance with the following definitions, unless a contextdictates otherwise:

The term “alkyl” by itself or as part of another substituent refers tofully saturated hydrocarbon radicals. Generally, alkyl groups of thisinvention comprise from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Alkyl groups may be linearor branched and may be substituted as indicated herein. When a subscriptis used herein following a carbon atom, the subscript refers to thenumber of carbon atoms that the named group may contain. Thus, forexample, C₁₋₆alkyl means an alkyl of one to six carbon atoms. Examplesof alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, butyl, and itsisomers (e.g. n-butyl, i-butyl and t-butyl); pentyl and its isomers,hexyl and its isomers. C₁-C₆ alkyl includes all linear, branched, orcyclic alkyl groups with between 1 and 6 carbon atoms, and thus includesmethyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, butyl and its isomers (e.g. n-butyl,i-butyl and t-butyl); pentyl and its isomers, hexyl and its isomers,cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl.

The term “optionally substituted alkyl” refers to an alkyl groupoptionally substituted with one or more substituents (for example 1 to 3substituents, for example 1, 2 or 3 substituents or 1 to 2 substituents)at any available point of attachment. Non-limiting examples of suchsubstituents include -halo, —OH, primary and secondary amides,—O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, heteroaryl, aryl, and the like.

The term “cycloalkyl” by itself or as part of another substituent is acyclic alkyl group, that is to say, a monovalent, saturated, orunsaturated hydrocarbyl group having a cyclic structure. Cycloalkylincludes all saturated or partially saturated (containing 1 or 2 doublebonds) hydrocarbon groups having a cyclic structure. Cycloalkyl groupsmay comprise 3 or more carbon atoms in the ring and generally, accordingto this invention comprise from 3 to 6 atoms. Examples of cycloalkylgroups include but are not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl.

Where alkyl groups as defined are divalent, i.e., with two single bondsfor attachment to two other groups, they are termed “alkylene” groups.Non-limiting examples of alkylene groups includes methylene, ethylene,methylmethylene, trimethylene, propylene, tetramethylene, ethylethylene,1,2-dimethylethylene, pentamethylene and hexamethylene.

Generally, alkylene groups of this invention preferably comprise thesame number of carbon atoms as their alkyl counterparts. Where analkylene or cycloalkylene biradical is present, connectivity to themolecular structure of which it forms part may be through a commoncarbon atom or different carbon atom. To illustrate this applying theasterisk nomenclature of this invention, a C₃ alkylene group may be forexample *—CH₂CH₂CH₂—*, *—CH(—CH₂CH₃)—*, or *—CH₂CH(—CH₃)—*. Likewise aC₃ cycloalkylene group may be

The terms “heterocycle” as used herein by itself or as part of anothergroup refer to non-aromatic, fully saturated or partially unsaturatedcyclic groups (for example, 3 to 6 membered monocyclic ring systems)which have at least one heteroatom in at least one carbonatom-containing ring. Each ring of the heterocyclic group containing aheteroatom may have 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms selected from nitrogenatoms, oxygen atoms and/or sulfur atoms. An optionally substitutedheterocyclic refers to a heterocyclic having optionally one or moresubstituents (for example 1 to 4 substituents, or for example 1, 2, 3 or4), selected from those defined above for substituted alkyl.

Exemplary heterocyclic groups include piperidinyl, azetidinyl,imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, isoxazolinyl, oxazolidinyl,isoxazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, piperidyl,succinimidyl, 3H-indolyl, isoindolinyl, chromenyl, isochromanyl,xanthenyl, 2H-pyrrolyl, 1-pyrrolinyl, 2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrrolinyl,pyrrolidinyl, 4H-quinolizinyl, 4aH-carbazolyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl,piperazinyl, homopiperazinyl, 2-pyrazolinyl, 3-pyrazolinyl, pyranyl,dihydro-2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyranyl, phthalazinyl,oxetanyl, thietanyl, 3-dioxolanyl, 1,3-dioxanyl, 2,5-dioximidazolidinyl,2,2,4-piperidonyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolodinyl, 2-oxoazepinyl,indolinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrehydrothienyl,tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, thiomorpholinyl,thiomorpholinyl sulfoxide, thiomorpholinyl sulfone, 1,3-dioxolanyl,1,4-oxathianyl, 1,4-dithianyl, 1,3,5-trioxanyl, 6H-1,2,5-thiadiazinyl,2H-1,5,2-dithiazinyl, 2H-oxocinyl, 1H-pyrrolizinyl,tetrahydro-1,1-dioxothienyl, N-formylpiperazinyl, and morpholinyl; inparticular pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, piperidinyl,dioxolanyl, dioxanyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperazinyl,thiazolidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, and tetrahydrofuranyl.

The term “aryl” as used herein refers to a polyunsaturated, aromatichydrocarbyl group having a single ring (i.e. phenyl). Aryl is alsointended to include the partially hydrogenated derivatives of thecarbocyclic systems enumerated herein. Non-limiting examples of arylcomprise phenyl, biphenylyl, biphenylenyl, 5- or 6-tetralinyl, 1-, 2-,3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-azulenyl, 1- or 2-naphthyl, 1-, 2-, or3-indenyl, 1-, 2-, or 9-anthryl, 1- 2-, 3-, 4-, or 5-acenaphtylenyl, 3-,4-, or 5-acenaphtenyl, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, or 10-phenanthryl, 1- or2-pentalenyl, 1, 2-, 3-, or 4-fluorenyl, 4- or 5-indanyl, 5-, 6-, 7-, or8-tetrahydronaphthyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthyl, 1,4-dihydronaphthyl,dibenzo[a,d]cylcoheptenyl, and 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, or 5-pyrenyl; inparticular phenyl.

The aryl ring can optionally be substituted by one or more substituents.An “optionally substituted aryl” refers to an aryl having optionally oneor more substituents (for example 1 to 5 substituents, for example 1, 2,3 or 4) at any available point of attachment, selected from thosedefined above for substituted alkyl.

Where a carbon atom in an aryl group is replaced with a heteroatom, theresultant ring is referred to herein as a heteroaryl ring.

The term “heteroaryl” as used herein by itself or as part of anothergroup refers but is not limited to 5 to 6 carbon-atom aromatic rings inwhich one or more carbon atoms can be replaced by oxygen, nitrogen orsulfur atoms. Non-limiting examples of such heteroaryl, include:pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl,isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, triazolyl, oxadiazolyl,thiadiazolyl, tetrazoyl, oxatriazolyl, thiatriazolyl, pyridinyl,pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, oxazinyl, dioxinyl, thiazinyl,triazinyl, imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazolyl, thieno[3,2-b]furanyl,thieno[3,2-b]thiophenyl, thieno[2,3-d][1,3]thiazolyl,thieno[2,3-d]imidazolyl, tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyridinyl, indolyl,indolizinyl, isoindolyl, benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl,isobenzothiophenyl, indazolyl, benzimidazolyl, 1,3-benzoxazolyl,1,2-benzisoxazolyi, 2,1-benzisoxazolyl, 1,3-benzothiazolyl,1,2-benzoisothiazolyl, 2,1-benzoisothiazolyl, benzotriazolyl,1,2,3-benzoxadiazolyl, 2,1,3-benzoxadiazolyl, 1,2,3-benzothiadiazolyl,2,1,3-benzothiadiazolyl, thienopyridinyl, purinyl,imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl, 6-oxo-pyridazin-1(6H)-yl,2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl, 6-oxo-pyridazin-1(6H)-yl, 2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl,1,3-benzodioxolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, quinazolinyl,quinoxalinyl, 7-azaindolyl, 6-azaindolyl, 5-azaindolyl, 4-azaindolyl.

An “optionally substituted heteroaryl” refers to a heteroaryl havingoptionally one or more substituents (for example 1 to 4 substituents,for example 1, 2, 3 or 4), selected from those defined above forsubstituted alkyl.

The term “halo” or “halogen” as a group or part of a group is genericfor fluoro, chloro, bromo, or iodo, as well as any suitable isotopethereof.

Whenever the term “substituted” is used in the present invention, it ismeant to indicate that one or more hydrogens on the atom indicated inthe expression using “substituted” is replaced with a selection from theindicated group, provided that the indicated atom's normal valency isnot exceeded, and that the substitution results in a chemically stablecompound, i.e. a compound that is sufficiently robust to surviveisolation to a useful degree of purity from a reaction mixture, andformulation into a therapeutic and/or diagnostic agent.

Where groups may be optionally substituted, such groups may besubstituted once or more, and preferably once, twice or thrice.Substituents may be selected from, those defined above for substitutedalkyl.

As used herein the terms such as “alkyl, aryl, or cycloalkyl, each beingoptionally substituted with” or “alkyl, aryl, or cycloalkyl, optionallysubstituted with” refers to optionally substituted alkyl, optionallysubstituted aryl and optionally substituted cycloalkyl.

More generally, from the above, it will be clear to the skilled personthat the compounds of the invention may exist in the form of differentisomers and/or tautomers, including but not limited to geometricalisomers, conformational isomers, E/Z-isomers, stereochemical isomers(i.e. enantiomers and diastereoisomers) and isomers that correspond tothe presence of the same substituents on different positions of therings present in the compounds of the invention. All such possibleisomers, tautomers and mixtures thereof are included within the scope ofthe invention.

In addition, the invention includes isotopically-labelled compounds andsalts, which are identical to compounds of formula (I), but for the factthat one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having an atomic mass ormass number different from the atomic mass or mass number most commonlyfound in nature. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated intocompounds of formula (I) are isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen,fluorine, such as ³H, ¹¹C, ¹³N, ¹⁴C, ¹⁵O and ¹⁸F. Suchisotopically-labelled compounds of formula (I) are useful in drug and/orsubstrate tissue distribution assays. For example ¹¹C and ¹⁸F isotopesare particularly useful in PET (Positron Emission Tomography). PET isuseful in brain imaging. Isotopically labeled compounds of formula (I)can generally be prepared by carrying out the procedures disclosedbelow, by substituting a readily available non-isotopically labeledreagent with an isotopically labeled reagent.

Whenever used in the present invention the term “compounds of theinvention” or a similar term is meant to include the compounds ofgeneral Formula I and any subgroup thereof. This term also refers to thecompounds as depicted in Table 1, their derivatives, N-oxides, salts,solvates, hydrates, stereoisomeric forms, racemic mixtures, tautomericforms, optical isomers, analogues, pro-drugs, esters, and metabolites,as well as their quaternized nitrogen analogues. The N-oxide forms ofsaid compounds are meant to comprise compounds wherein one or severalnitrogen atoms are oxidized to the so-called N-oxide.

As used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms“a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearlydictates otherwise. By way of example, “a compound” means one compoundor more than one compound.

The terms described above and others used in the specification are wellunderstood to those in the art.

Preferably, compounds of Formula I are defined above as such that

A₁ and A₂ are selected from C and N; wherein when A₁ is C, then A₂ is N;and wherein when A₂ is C, then A₁ is N.

More preferably, A₁ is N and A₂ is C. Alternatively, A₂ is N and A₁ isC.

Preferably, R₁ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl,—C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₉R₁₀, —(C═O)—R₄,—SO₂—R₄, —CN, —NR₉—SO₂—R₄, -Het₁; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl isoptionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3 substituentsselected from -halo, —OH, —NR₁₁R₁₂, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl.

-   R₁ is selected from —H, -halo, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—R₄,    and —CN; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and    independently substituted with from 1 to 3 —OH;

Even more preferably, R₁ is —H.

Preferably, R₂ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl,—C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,—(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—NR₂₇R₂₈, -Het₃, —(C═O)-Het₃, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl;wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independentlysubstituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH,—O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₃, —Ar₂, —NR₁₃R₁₄.

More preferably, R₂ is selected from —H and —C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each ofsaid C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from 1to 3 substituents selected from —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₃R₁₄.

Even more preferably, R₂ is H.

Preferably, R₃ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl,—C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,—(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₂, —(C═O)-Het₂, —(C═O)—NR₂₉R₃₀, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl;wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independentlysubstituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH,—OC₁₋₆alkyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₅R₁₆, -Het₂, —Ar₄.

More preferably, R₃ is selected from —H and —C₁₋₆alkyl;

Even more preferably, R₃ is H.

Preferably, R₄ is selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,—S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₇R₁₈, -Het₄. More preferably, R₄ is —NR₁₇R₁₈;

Preferably, R₅ and R₇ are each independently selected from —H, -halo,—C₁₋₆alkyl, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅, —Ar₁, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,—SO₂—Ar₃, —SO₂, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O), —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,—O—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkylis optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅,—NR₂₃R₂₄.

More preferably, R₅ and R₇ are each independently selected from —H,—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally andindependently substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from-halo, and —NR₂₃R₂₄;

Even more preferably, R₅ and R₇ are each —H.

Preferably, R₆ is selected from —SO₂, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O), —(C═S),—(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═S)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,—(C═O)—C₂₋₆alkenyl, —(C═S)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═S)—C₂₋₆alkenyl,—C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂,—C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂,—SO₂—C₃₋₅cyloalkyl, —(C═O)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═S)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl,—(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═O)-Het₅, —(C═S)-Het₅, —(C═O)—Ar₆,—(C═S)—Ar₆, —(C═O)—NR₃₁—(C═O)—R₃₂; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl isoptionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3 substituentsselected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅, —NR₂₅R₂₆.

More preferably, R₆ is selected from —SO₂, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₂₋₆alkenyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C—O)—NR₃₁R₃₂,—SO₂—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═O)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═O)-Het₅,—(C═O)—Ar₆; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally andindependently substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from-halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅, —NR₂₅R₂₆. Even more preferably, R₆ isselected from —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, and—(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally andindependently substituted with from 1 to 3 —NR₂₅R₂₆.

Preferably, R₈ is selected from —NR₃₄—(C═O)—R₃₅, —NR₃₆—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅,—NR₃₄—(SO2)-R₃₅, —NR₃₄—(C═O)—O—R₃₅, —O—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅.

More preferably, R₈ is —NR₃₄—(C═O)—R₃₅.

Preferably R₉, R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₄, R₁₅, R₁₆, R₁₇, R₁₈, R₁₉, R₂₀,R₂₁, R₂₂, R₂₃, R₂₄, R₂₅, R₂₆, R₂₇, R₂₈, R₂₉, R₃₀, R₃₁, R₃₂, R₃₃, R₃₄,R₃₅, R₃₆, R₃₇, R₃₈, R₃₉ and R₄₀ are each independently selected from —H,-halo, —O, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl or -Het₁;wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independentlysubstituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH,—O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₆, —Ar₅.

More preferably R₁₃, R₁₄, R₁₇, R₁₈, R₂₃, R₂₄, R₂₅, R₂₆, R₃₁, R₃₂, R₃₄,and R₃₅ are each independently selected from —H, —C₁₋₆alkyl, and—C₃₋₆cycloalkyl.

Even more preferably R₂₅ and R₂₆, are each independently selected from—H, and —C₁₋₆alkyl; and R₃₁ and R₃₂ are each —H

Preferably, X₁ is selected from —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-,—S—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —(C═O)—, —NR₃—(C═O)—, —NR₃—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,—(C═O)—NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-,—SO₂—NR₃; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independentlysubstituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH,—C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₃₇R₃₈.

More preferably, X₁ is selected from —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-,—NR₃—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-,—C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —SO₂—NR₃—; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl isoptionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3 —C₁₋₆alkyl.

Even more preferably, X₁ is selected from —O—C₁₋₆alkyl and—NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-.

Preferably, X₂ is selected from —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-,—O—C₁₋₆alkyl-O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —(C═O)—, —(C═O)—NR₂—,—NR₂—C₁₋₆ alkyl-, —NR₂—, —SO₂—NR₂—; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl isoptionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3 substituentsselected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl,—NR₃₉R₄₀.

More preferably, X₂ is selected from —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-,—NR₂—C₁₋₆alkyl-.

Even more preferably, X₂ is —NR₂—C₁₋₆alkyl-.

Preferably, B is selected from B is selected from —(C═O)—, —(C═N)—R₃₉—,—(SO₂)—, —(C═O)—NR₅—, —(C═S)—NR₅—, —NR₅—(C═O)—NR₇—, —NR₅—(C═S)—NR₇—,—SO₂—NR₅—, —NR₆—, —NR₅—(C═O)—O—, —NR₅—(C═S)—O—, —CHR₈—.

More preferably, —(C═O)—NR₅—, —NR₅—(C═O)—NR₇—, —SO₂—NR₅—, —NR₆—,—NR₅—(C═O)—O—, —CHR₈—.

Even more preferably, B is selected from —(C═O)—NR₅—, and —NR₆—.

Preferably, Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃, Ar₄, Ar₅, and Ar₆ are each independently a 5-or 6-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally comprising 1 or 2heteroatoms selected from O, N and S; each of said Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃, Ar₄,and Ar₅ being optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3substituents selected from —NR₁₉R₂₀, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,—S—C₁₋₆alkyl.

More preferably, Ar₆ is a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocycleoptionally comprising 1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O, N and S.

Preferably, Het₁, Het₂, Het₃, Het₄, Het₅, and Het₆ are eachindependently a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle having from 1 to3 heteroatoms selected from O, N and S, wherein each heterocycle isbeing optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3substituents selected from -halo, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl,—NR₂₁R₂₂; each of said —C₁₋₆alkyl being optionally substituted with from1 to 3 -halo.

More preferably, Het₅ is a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heterocyclehaving from 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from O, N and S, wherein eachheterocycle is being optionally and independently substituted with from1 to 3 —C₁₋₆alkyl; each of said —C₁₋₆alkyl being optionally substitutedwith from 1 to 3 -halo.

Preferably, Z₁, Z₂, Z₃, Z₄ and Z₅ are each independently selected from Cand N.

More preferably, Z₁, Z₂, Z₃, Z₄ and Z₅ are each C.

In a particular embodiment, the present invention provides compounds ofFormula I or a stereoisomer, tautomer, racemic, metabolite, pro- orpredrug, salt, hydrate, N-oxide form, or solvate thereof

Wherein one or more of the following applies

-   A₁ and A₂ are selected from C and N; wherein when A₁ is C, then A₂    is N; and wherein when A₂ is C, then A₁ is N;-   R₁ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₉R₁₀, —(C═O)—R₄, —SO₂—R₄, —CN,    —NR₉—SO₂—R₄, -Het₁; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and    independently substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected    from -halo, —OH, —NR₁₁R₁₂, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl;-   R₂ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═O)—NR₂₇R₂₈, -Het₃, —(C═O)-Het₃, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅, —Ar₂, —NR₁₃R₁₄;-   R₃ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    -Het₂, —(C═O)-Het₂, —(C═O)—NR₂₉R₃₀, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl,    —SC₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₅R₁₆, -Het₂, —Ar₄;-   R₄ is selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₇R₁₈, -Het₄;-   R₅ and R₇ are each independently selected from —H, -halo,    —C₁₋₆alkyl, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅, —Ar₁, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —SO₂—Ar₃, —SO₂, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O), —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of said    C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to    3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl,    -Het₅, —NR₂₃R₂₄;-   R₆ is selected from —SO₂, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O), —(C═S),    —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═S)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═O)—C₂₋₆alkenyl, —(C═S)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═S)—C₂₋₆alkenyl,    —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂,    —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂,    —SO₂—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═O)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═S)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl,    —(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═O)-Het₅, —(C═S)-Het₅,    —(C═O)—Ar₆, —(C═S)—Ar₆, —(C═O)—NR₃₁—(C═O)—R₃₂; wherein each of said    C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to    3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl,    -Het₅, —NR₂₅R₂₆;-   R₈ is selected from —NR₃₄—(C═O)—R₃₅, —NR₃₆—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅,    —NR₃₄—(SO2)-R₃₅, —NR₃₄—(C═O)—O—R₃₅, —O—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅;-   R₉, R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₄, R₁₅, R₁₆, R₁₇, R₁₈, R₁₉, R₂₀, R₂₁, R₂₂,    R₂₃, R₂₄, R₂₅, R₂₆, R₂₇, R₂₈, R₂₉, R₃₀, R₃₁, R₃₂, R₃₃, R₃₄, R₃₅,    R₃₆, R₃₇, R₃₈, R₃₉ and R₄₀ are each independently selected from —H,    -halo, —O, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl or -Het₁;    wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently    substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₆, —Ar₅;-   X₁ is selected from —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —(C═O)—, —NR₃—(C═O)—, —NR₃—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —SO₂—NR₃—; wherein each    of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with    from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₃₇R₃₈;-   X₂ is selected from —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —(C═O)—, —(C═O)—NR₂—,    —NR₂—C₁₋₆ alkyl-, —NR₂—, —SO₂—NR₂—; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl    is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3    substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₃₉R₄₀;-   B is selected from —(C═O)—, —(C═N)—R₃₉—, —(SO₂)—, —(C═O)—NR₅—,    —(C═S)—NR₅—, —NR₅—(C═O)—NR₇—, —NR₅—(C═S)—NR₇—, —SO₂—NR₅—, —NR₆—,    —NR₅—(C═O)—O—, —NR₅—(C═S)—O—, —CHR₈—;-   Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃, Ar₄, Ar₅, and Ar₆ are each independently a 5- or    6-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally comprising 1 or 2    heteroatoms selected from O, N and S; each of said Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃,    Ar₄, and Ar₅ being optionally and independently substituted with    from 1 to 3 substituents selected from —NR₁₉R₂₀, —C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl;-   Het₁, Het₂, Het₃, Het₄, Het₅, and Het₆ are each independently a 5-    or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle having from 1 to 3 heteroatoms    selected from O, N and S, wherein each heterocycle is being    optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3    substituents selected from -halo, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —OC₁₋₆alkyl,    —SC₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₂₁R₂₂; each of said —C₁₋₆alkyl being optionally    substituted with from 1 to 3 -halo;-   Z₁, Z₂, Z₃, Z₄ and Z₅ are each independently selected from C and N

In another particular embodiment, the present invention providescompounds of Formula I wherein one or more of the following applies

-   A₁ and A₂ are selected from C and N; wherein when A₁ is C, then A₂    is N; and wherein when A₂ is C, then A₁ is N;-   R₁ is selected from —H, -halo, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—R₄,    and —CN; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and    independently substituted with from 1 to 3 —OH;-   R₂ is selected from —H and —C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of said    C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to    3 substituents selected from —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₃R₁₄;-   R₃ is selected from —H and —C₁₋₆alkyl;-   R₄ is —NR₁₇R₁₈;-   R₅ and R₇ are each independently selected from —H, —C₁₋₆alkyl;    wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently    substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, and    —NR₂₃R₂₄;-   R₆ is selected from —SO₂, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═O)—C₂₋₆alkenyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —SO₂—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl,    —(C═O)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═O)-Het₅, —(C═O)—Ar₆;    wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently    substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH,    —OC₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅, —NR₂₅R₂₆;-   R₈ is —NR₃₄—(C═O)—R₃₅;-   R₁₃, R₁₄, R₁₇, R₁₈, R₂₃, R₂₄, R₂₅, R₂₆, R₃₁, R₃₂, R₃₄, and R₃₅ are    each independently selected from —H, —C₁₋₆alkyl, and    —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;-   X₁ is selected from —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —NR₃—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═O)—NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —SO₂—NR₃—; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and    independently substituted with from 1 to 3 —C₁₋₆alkyl;-   X₂ is selected from —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —NR₂—C₁₋₆alkyl-;-   B is selected from —(C═O)—NR₅—, —NR₅—(C═O)—NR₇—, —SO₂—NR₅—, —NR₆—,    —NR₅—(C═O)—O—, —CHR₈—;-   Ar₆ is a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally comprising    1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O, N and S;-   Het₅ is a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle having from 1 to 3    heteroatoms selected from O, N and S, wherein each heterocycle is    being optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3    —C₁₋₆alkyl; each of said —C₁₋₆alkyl being optionally substituted    with from 1 to 3 -halo;-   Z₁, Z₂, Z₃, Z₄ and Z₅ are each independently selected from C and N

In yet another particular embodiment, the present invention providescompounds of Formula I wherein one or more of the following applies:

-   A₁ is N and A₂ is C;-   R₁, R₂, R₃ and R₅ are each —H;-   R₆ is selected from —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₃₋₅cycioalkyl, and    —(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and    independently substituted with from 1 to 3 —NR₂₅R₂₆;-   R₂₅ and R₂₆, are each independently selected from —H, and    —C₁₋₆alkyl;-   R₃₁ and R₃₂ are each —H-   X₁ is selected from —O—C₁₋₆alkyl and —NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-;-   X₂ is —NR₂—C₁₋₆alkyl-;-   B is selected from —(C═O)—NR₅—, and —NR₆—;-   Z₁, Z₂, Z₃, Z₄ and Z₅ are each C

In particular, X₁, and X₂ as used herein, represent biradikals, whichtaken together with the radicals to which they are attached form amacrocyclic pyrazolopyrimidine compound. Said biradicals may be presentin either of both directions in the macrocyclic pyrazolopyrimidine, butare preferably present in the direction as described below:

Referring to formula I:

-   -   X₁ is selected from the list comprising *—C₁₋₆alkyl-,        *—O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, *—S—C₁₋₆alkyl-, *—(C═O)—, *—NR₃—(C═O)—,        *—NR₃—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, *—(C═O)—NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, *—NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-,        *—C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —SO₂—NR₃-*, wherein said biradical        is preferably attached to the aryl or heteroaryl moiety via *;    -   X₂ is selected from *—C₁₋₆ alkyl-, *—O—C₁₋₆alkyl-,        *—S—C₁₋₆alkyl-, *—(C═O)—, —(C═O)—NR₂—*, *—NR₂—C₁₋₆alkyl-,        *—NR₂—, —SO₂—NR₂—*; wherein said biradical is preferably        attached to the pyrazolopyrimidine moiety via *;

In a preferred embodiment, the present invention provides compounds offormula I or a stereoisomer, tautomer, racemic, metabolite, pro- orpredrug, salt, hydrate, N-oxide form, or solvate thereof, wherein

-   A₁ and A₂ are selected from C and N; wherein when A₁ is C, then A₂    is N; and wherein when A₂ is C, then A₁ is N;-   R₁ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₉R₁₀, —(C═O)—R₄, —SO₂—R₄, —CN,    —NR₉—SO₂—R₄, -Het₁; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and    independently substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected    from -halo, —OH, —NR₁₁R₁₂, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl;-   R₂ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═O)—NR₂₇R₂₈, -Het₃, —(C═O)-Het₃, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₃, —Ar₂, —NR₁₃R₁₄;-   R₃ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    -Het₂, —(C═O)-Het₂, —(C═O)—NR₂₉R₃₀, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl,    —SC₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₅R₁₆, -Het₂, —Ar₄;-   R₄ is selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₇R₁₈, -Het₄;-   R₅ and R₇ are each independently selected from —H, -halo,    —C₁₋₆alkyl, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅, —Ar₁, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —SO₂—Ar₃, —SO₂, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O), —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of said    C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to    3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl,    -Het₅, —NR₂₃R₂₄;-   R₆ is selected from —SO₂, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O), —(C═S),    —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═S)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═O)—C₂₋₆alkenyl, —(C═S)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═S)—C₂₋₆alkenyl,    —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂,    —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂,    —SO₂—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═O)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═S)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl,    —(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═O)-Het₅, —(C═S)-Het₅,    —(C═O)—Ar₆, —(C═S)—Ar₆, —(C═O)—NR₃₁—(C═O)—R₃₂; wherein each of said    C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to    3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl,    -Het₅, —NR₂₅R₂₆;-   R₈ is selected from —NR₃₄—(C═O)—R₃₅, —NR₃₆—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅,    —NR₃₄—(SO2)-R₃₅, —NR₃₄—(C═O)—O—R₃₅, —O—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅;-   R₉, R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₄, R₁₅, R₁₆, R₁₇, R₁₈, R₁₉, R₂₀, R₂₁, R₂₂,    R₂₃, R₂₄, R₂₅, R₂₆, R₂₇, R₂₈, R₂₉, R₃₀, R₃₁, R₃₂, R₃₃, R₃₄, R₃₅,    R₃₆, R₃₇, R₃₈, R₃₉ and R₄₀ are each independently selected from —H,    -halo, —O, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl or -Het₁;    wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently    substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₆, —Ar₅;-   X₁ is selected from —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —(C═O)—, —NR₃—(C═O)—, —NR₃—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —SO₂—NR₃—; wherein each    of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with    from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₃₇R₃₈; wherein when X₁ is —O—CH₂—,    then R₅ is not —H;-   X₂ is selected from —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —(C═O)—, —(C═O)—NR₂—,    —NR₂—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —NR₂—, —SO₂—NR₂—; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl    C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to    3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₃₉R₄₀;-   B is selected from —(C═O)—, —(C═N)R₃₉—, —(SO₂)—, —(C═O)—NR₅—,    —(C═S)—NR₅—, —NR₅—(C═O)—NR₇—, —NR₅—(C═S)—NR₇—, —SO₂—NR₅—, —NR₆—,    —NR₅—(C═O)—O—, —NR₅—(C═S)—O—, —CHR₈—;-   Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃, Ar₄, Ar₅, and Ar₆ are each independently a 5- or    6-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally comprising 1 or 2    heteroatoms selected from O, N and S; each of said Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃,    Ar₄, and Ar₅ being optionally and independently substituted with    from 1 to 3 substituents selected from —NR₁₉R₂₀, —C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl;-   Het₁, Het₂, Het₃, Het₄, Het₅, and Het₆ are each independently a 5-    or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle having from 1 to 3 heteroatoms    selected from O, N and S, wherein each heterocycle is being    optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3    substituents selected from -halo, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —OC₁₋₆alkyl,    —SC₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₂₁R₂₂; each of said —C₁₋₆alkyl being optionally    substituted with from 1 to 3 -halo;-   Z₁, Z₂, Z₃, Z₄ and Z₅ are each independently is selected from C and    N

In a particular embodiment the present invention provides compounds offormula I or a stereoisomer, tautomer, racemic, metabolite, pro- orpredrug, salt, hydrate, N-oxide form, or solvate thereof, wherein

-   A₁ is N and A₂ is C;-   R₁ is selected from —H, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₉R₁₀, —SO₂—R₄, —CN, —NR₉—SO₂—R₄,    -Het₁; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and    independently substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected    from -halo, —OH, —NR₁₁R₁₂, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl;-   R₂ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═O)—NR₂₇R₂₈, -Het₃, —(C═O)-Het₃, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₃, —Ar₂, —NR₁₃R₁₄;-   R₃ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    -Het₂, —(C═O)-Het₂, —(C═O)—NR₂₉R₃₀, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl,    —SC₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₅R₁₆, -Het₂, —Ar₄;-   R₄ is selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₇R₁₈, -Het₄;-   R₅ and R₇ are each independently selected from —H, -halo,    —C₁₋₆alkyl, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅, —Ar₁, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —SO₂—Ar₃, —SO₂, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O), —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of said    C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to    3 substituents selected from —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅,    —NR₂₃R₂₄;-   R₆ is selected from —SO₂, —(C═O), —(C═S), —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═S)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₂₋₆alkenyl,    —(C═S)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═S)—C₂₋₆alkenyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂,    —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂,    —SO₂—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═S)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂,    —(C═O)-Het₅, —(C═S)-Het₅, —(C═O)—NR₃₁—(C═O)—R₃₂; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl,    -Het₅, —NR₂₅R₂₆;-   R₈ is selected from —NR₃₆—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅, —NR₃₄—(SO2)-R₃₅,    —NR₃₄—(C═O)—O—R₃₅, —O—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅;-   R₉, R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₄, R₁₅, R₁₆, R₁₇, R₁₈, R₁₉, R₂₀, R₂₁, R₂₂,    R₂₃, R₂₄, R₂₅, R₂₆, R₂₇, R₂₈, R₂₉, R₃₀, R₃₁, R₃₂, R₃₃, R₃₄, R₃₅,    R₃₆, R₃₇, R₃₈, R₃₉ and R₄₀ are each independently selected from —H,    -halo, —O, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl or -Het₁;    wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently    substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₆, —Ar₅;-   X₁ is selected from —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —(C═O)—, —NR₃—(C═O)—, —NR₃—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —SO₂—NR₃—; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl    is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3    substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₃₇R₃₈;-   X₂ is selected from —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —(C═O)—, —(C═O)—NR₂—, —NR₂—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —NR₂—, —SO₂—NR₂—; wherein    each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted    with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₃₉R₄₀;-   B is selected from —(C═O)—, —(C═N)R₃₉—, —(SO2)-, —(C═O)—NR₅—,    —(C═S)—NR₅—, —NR₅—(C═O)—NR₇—, —NR₅—(C═S)—NR₇—, —SO₂—NR₅—, —NR₆—,    —NR₅—(C═S)—O—, —CHR₈—;-   Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃, Ar₄, Ar₅, and Ar₆ are each independently a 5- or    6-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally comprising 1 or 2    heteroatoms selected from O, N and S; each of said Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃,    Ar₄, and Ar₅ being optionally and independently substituted with    from 1 to 3 substituents selected from —NR₁₉R₂₀, —C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl;-   Het₁, Het₂, Het₃, Het₄, Het₅, and Het₆ are each independently a 5-    or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle having from 1 to 3 heteroatoms    selected from O, N and S, wherein each heterocycle is being    optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3    substituents selected from -halo, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —OC₁₋₆alkyl,    —SC₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₂₁R₂₂; each of said —C₁₋₆alkyl being optionally    substituted with from 1 to 3 -halo;    -   Z₁, Z₂, Z₃, Z₄ and Z₅ are each C

In a particular embodiment the present invention provides compounds offormula I or a stereoisomer, tautomer, racemic, metabolite, pro- orpredrug, salt, hydrate, N-oxide form, or solvate thereof, wherein

-   A₁ is N and A₂ is C;-   R₁ is selected from —H, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₉R₁₀, —SO₂—R₄, —CN, —NR₉—SO₂—R₄,    -Het₁; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and    independently substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected    from -halo, —OH, —NR₁₁R₁₂, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl;-   R₂ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═O)—NR₂₇R₂₈, -Het₃, —(C═O)-Het₃, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₃, —Ar₂, —NR₁₃R₁₄;-   R₃ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    -Het₂, —(C═O)-Het₂, —(C═O)—NR₂₉R₃₀, —SO₂C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl,    —SC₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₅R₁₆, -Het₂, —Ar₄;-   R₄ is selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₇R₁₈, -Het₄;-   R₅ and R₇ are each independently selected from —H, -halo,    —C₁₋₆alkyl, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅, —Ar₁, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —SO₂—Ar₃, —SO₂, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O), —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of said    C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to    3 substituents selected from —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅,    —NR₂₃R₂₄;-   R₆ is selected from —SO₂, —(C═O), —(C═S), —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═O)—C₂₋₆alkenyl, —(C═S)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═S)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═S)—C₂₋₆alkenyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂,    —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂,    —(C═S)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═O)-Het₅, —(C═S)-Het₅,    —(C═O)—NR₃₁—(C═O)—R₃₂; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally    and independently substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected    from —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅, —NR₂₅R₂₆;-   R₈ is selected from —NR₃₆—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅, —NR₉₄—(SO2)-R₃₅,    —NR₃₄—(C═O)—O—R₃₅, —O—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅;-   R₉, R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₄, R₁₅, R₁₆, R₁₇, R₁₈, R₁₉, R₂₀, R₂₁, R₂₂,    R₂₃, R₂₄, R₂₅, R₂₆, R₂₇, R₂₈, R₂₉, R₃₀, R₃₁, R₃₂, R₃₃, R₃₄, R₃₅,    R₃₆, R₃₇, R₃₈, R₃₉ and R₄₀ are each independently selected from —H,    -halo, —O, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl or -Het₁;    wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently    substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₆, —Ar₅;-   X₁ is selected from —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —(C═O)—, —NR₃—(C═O)—, —NR₃—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —SO₂—NR₃—; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl    is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3    substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₃₇R₃₈;-   X₂ is selected from —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —(C═O)—, —(C═O)—NR₂—, —NR₂—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —NR₂—, —SO—NR₂—; wherein each    of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with    from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₃₉R₄₀;-   B is selected from —(C═O)—, —(C═N)R₃₉—, —(SO2)-, —(C═O)—NR₅—,    —(C═S)—NR₅—, —NR₅—(C═O)—NR₇—, —NR₅—(C═S)—NR₇—, —SO₂—NR₅—, —NR₆—,    —NR₅—(C═S)—O—, —CHR₈—;-   Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃, Ar₄, Ar₅, and Ar₆ are each independently a 5- or    6-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally comprising 1 or 2    heteroatoms selected from O, N and S; each of said Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃,    Ar₄, and Ar₅ being optionally and independently substituted with    from 1 to 3 substituents selected from —NR₁₉R₂₀, —C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl;-   Het₁, Het₂, Het₃, Het₄, Het₅, and Het₆ are each independently a 5-    or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle having from 1 to 3 heteroatoms    selected from O, N and S, wherein each heterocycle is being    optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3    substituents selected from -halo, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —OC₁₋₆alkyl,    —SC₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₂₁R₂₂; each of said —C₁₋₆alkyl being optionally    substituted with from 1 to 3 -halo;-   Z₁, Z₂, Z₃, Z₄ and Z₅ are each C.

In another particular embodiment the present invention providescompounds of formula I or a stereoisomer, tautomer, racemic, metabolite,pro- or predrug, salt, hydrate, N-oxide form, or solvate thereof,wherein

-   A₁ and A₂ are selected from C and N; wherein when A₁ is C, then A₂    is N; and wherein when A₂ is C, then A₁ is N;-   R₁ is selected from —H, -halo, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—R₄,    and —CN; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and    independently substituted with from 1 to 3 —OH;-   R₂ is selected from —H and —C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of said    C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to    3 substituents selected from —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₃R₁₄;-   R₃ is selected from —H and —C₁₋₆alkyl;-   R₄ is —NR₁₇R₁₈;-   R₅ and R₇ are each independently selected from —H, —C₁₋₆alkyl;    wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently    substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, and    —NR₂₃R₂₄;-   R₆ is selected from —SO₂, —(C═O)—O—C)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═O)—C₂₋₆alkenyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —SO₂—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl,    —(C═O)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═O)-Het₅, —(C═O)—Ar₆;    wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently    substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH,    —OC₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅, —NR₂₅R₂₆;-   R₈ is —NR₃₄—(C═O)—R₃₅;-   R₁₃, R₁₄, R₁₇, R₁₈, R₂₃, R₂₄, R₂₅, R₂₆, R₃₁, R₃₂, R₃₄, and R₃₅ are    each independently selected from —H, —C₁₋₆alkyl, and    —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;-   X₁ is selected from —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —NR₃—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═O)—NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —SO₂—NR₃—; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and    independently substituted with from 1 to 3 —C₁₋₆alkyl;-   X₂ is selected from —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —NR₂—C₁₋₆alkyl-;-   B is selected from —(C═O)—NR₅—, —NR₅—(C═O)—NR₇—, —SO₂—NR₅—, —NR₆—,    —NR₅—(C═O)—O—, —CHR₈—;-   Ar₆ is a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally comprising    1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O, N and S;-   Het₅ is a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle having from 1 to 3    heteroatoms selected from O, N and S, wherein each heterocycle is    being optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3    —C₁₋₆alkyl; each of said —C₁₋₆alkyl being optionally substituted    with from 1 to 3 -halo;-   Z₁, Z₂, Z₃, Z₄ and Z₅ are each independently selected from C and N

In another particular embodiment the present invention providescompounds of formula I or a stereoisomer, tautomer, racemic, metabolite,pro- or predrug, salt, hydrate, N-oxide form, or solvate thereof,wherein

-   A₁ is N and A₂ is C;-   R₁, R₂, R₃ and R₅ are each —H;-   R₆ is selected from —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, and    —(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and    independently substituted with from 1 to 3 —NR₂₅R₂₆;-   R₂₅ and R₂₆, are each independently selected from —H, and    —C₁₋₆alkyl;-   R₃₁ and R₃₂ are each —H-   X₁ is selected from —O—C₁₋₆alkyl and —NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-;-   X₂ is —NR₂—C₁₋₆alkyl-;-   B is selected from —(C═O)—NR₅—, and —NR₆—;-   Z₁, Z₂, Z₃, Z₄ and Z₅ are each C

In a specific embodiment the present invention provides a compound offormula II or a stereoisomer, tautomer, racemic, metabolite, pro- orpredrug, salt, hydrate, N-oxide form, or solvate thereof, wherein

Wherein

-   B is selected from —(C═O)—NR₅—, —NR₅—(C═O)—NR₇—, —SO₂—NR₅—, —NR₆—,    —NR₅—(C═O)—O—, —CHR₈—;-   R₅ and R₇ are each independently selected from —H, and —C₁₋₆alkyl;    wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently    substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo and,    —NR₂₃R₂₄;-   R₆ is selected from —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₂₋₆alkenyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂,    —SO₂—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═O)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂,    —(C═O)-Het₅; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and    independently substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected    from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅, —NR₂₅R₂₆;-   R₈ is —NR₃₄—(C═O)—R₃₅;-   R₂₃, R₂₄, R₂₅, R₂₆, R₃₁, and R₃₂, are each independently selected    from —H, and —C₁₋₆alkyl-   R₃₅ is —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl-   Het₅ is a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle having from 1 to 3    heteroatoms selected from O, N and S, wherein each heterocycle is    being optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3    —C₁₋₆alkyl; each of said —C₁₋₆alkyl being optionally substituted    with from 1 to 3 -halo;

In another specific embodiment the present invention provides a compoundof formula III or a stereoisomer, tautomer, racemic, metabolite, pro- orpredrug, salt, hydrate, N-oxide form, or solvate thereof, wherein

Wherein

-   R₃ is selected from —H, and —C₁₋₆alkyl;-   R₅ is —H;-   R₆ is selected from —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, and    —OC₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and    independently substituted with from 1 to 3 —OC₁₋₆alkyl B is selected    from —(C═O)—NR₅—, and —NR₆—;

In another specific embodiment the present invention provides a compoundof formula IV or a stereoisomer, tautomer, racemic, metabolite, pro- orpredrug, salt, hydrate, N-oxide form, or solvate thereof, wherein

Wherein

-   R₃ is selected from —H, and —C₁₋₆alkyl;-   R₅ is —H;-   R₆ is selected from —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, and —(C═O)—C₁₋₆cycloalkyl;    wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently    substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from —OC₁₋₆alkyl,    and —NR₂₅R₂₆-   R₂₅ and R₂₆, are each —C₁₋₆alkyl;-   B is selected from —(C═O)—NR₅—, and —NR₆—;

In yet another particular embodiment, the present invention provides acompound or a stereoisomer, tautomer, racemic, metabolite, pro- orpredrug, salt, hydrate, N-oxide form, or solvate thereof, selected fromthe list comprising:

In particular the present invention provides a compound selected fromthe list comprising

In particular in the compounds according to this invention, thepyrazolopyrimidine moiety is linked to the aryl or heteroaryl moiety atposition Z₁ or Z₂, in accordance with the numbering as provided inFormula I. Furthermore, the R₁ of the compounds according to thisinvention is preferably linked to the aryl or heteroaryl moiety atposition Z₃, Z₄ or Z₅, in accordance with the numbering as provided inFormula I.

The compounds of the present invention can be prepared according to thereaction schemes provided in the examples hereinafter, but those skilledin the art will appreciate that these are only illustrative for theinvention and that the compounds of this invention can be prepared byany of several standard synthetic processes commonly used by thoseskilled in the art of organic chemistry.

In a preferred embodiment, the compounds of the present invention areuseful in human or veterinary medicine, in particular for use as kinaseinhibitors, more in particular for the inhibition of LRRK2 kinase.

The present invention further provides the use of a compound as definedhereinbefore or the use of a composition comprising said compound, as ahuman or veterinary medicine, in particular for the prevention and/ortreatment of neurological disorders such as but not limited toParkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides the use of a compoundas defined hereinbefore or the use of a composition comprising saidcompound in the prevention and/or treatment of neurological disorderssuch as but not limited to Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.

The present invention further provides a compound as definedhereinbefore or a composition comprising said compound for use in theprevention and/or treatment of neurological disorders such as but notlimited to Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.

Further embodiments of the present invention are detailed herein belowin the form of numbered statements:

1. A compound of Formula I or a stereoisomer, tautomer, racemic,metabolite, pro- or predrug, salt, hydrate, N-oxide form, or solvatethereof,

wherein

-   A₁ and A₂ are selected from C and N; wherein when A₁ is C, then A₂    is N; and wherein when A₂ is C, then A₁ is N;-   R₁ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₉R₁₀, —(C═O)—R₄, —SO₂—R₄, —CN,    —NR₉—SO₂—R₄, -Het₁; wherein each of said C₁₋₆ alkyl is optionally    and independently substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected    from -halo, —OH, —NR₁₁R₁₂, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl;-   R₂ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₁₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═O)—NR₂₇R₂₈, -Het₃, —(C═O)-Het₃, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₃, —Ar₂, —NR₁₃R₁₄;-   R₃ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    -Het₂, —(C═O)-Het₂, —(C═O)—NR₂₉R₃₀, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl,    —SC₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₅R₁₆, -Het₂, —Ar₄;-   R₄ is selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₇R₁₈, -Het₄;-   R₅ and R₇ are each independently selected from —H, -halo,    —C₁₋₆alkyl, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆ alkyl, -Het₅, —Ar₁,    —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, —SO₂—Ar₃, —SO₂, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O),    —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein    each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted    with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl,    —SC₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅, —NR₂₃R₂₄;-   R₆ is selected from —SO₂, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O), —(C═S),    —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═S)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═S)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂,    —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂,    —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═O)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl,    —(C═S)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═O)-Het₅,    —(C═S)-Het₅, —(C═O)—Ar₆, —(C═S)—Ar₆, —(C═O)—NR₃₁—(C═O)—R₃₂; wherein    each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted    with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl,    —SC₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅, —NR₂₅R₂₆;-   R₈ is selected from —NR₃₄—(C═O)—R₃₅, —NR₃₆—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅,    —NR₃₄—(SO2)-R₃₅, —NR₃₄—(C═O)—O—R₃₅, —O—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅;-   R₉, R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₄, R₁₅, R₁₆, R₁₇, R₁₈, R₁₉, R₂₀, R₂₁, R₂₂,    R₂₃, R₂₄, R₂₅, R₂₆, R₂₇, R₂₈, R₂₉, R₃₀, R₃₁, R₃₂, R₃₃, R₃₄, R₃₅,    R₃₆, R₃₇, R₃₈, R₃₉ and R₄₀ are each independently selected from —H,    -halo, —O, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl or -Het₁;    wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently    substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₆, —Ar₅;-   X₁ is selected from —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —(C═O)—, —NR₃—(C═O)—, —NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —SO₂—NR₃—; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₃₇R₃₈;-   X₂ is selected from —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —(C═O)—, —(C═O)—NR₂—, —NR₂—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —NR₂—, —SO₂—NR₂—; wherein    each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted    with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₃₉R₄₀;-   B is selected from —(C═O)—, —(C═N)R₃₉—, —(SO2)-, —(C═O)—NR₅—,    —(C═S)—NR₅—, —NR₅—(C═O)—NR₇—, —NR₅—(C═S)—NR₇—, —SO₂—NR₅—, —NR₆—,    —NR₅—(C═O)—O—, —NR₅—(C═S)—O—, —CHR₈—;-   Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃, Ar₄, Ar₅, and Ar₆ are each independently a 5- or    6-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally comprising 1 or 2    heteroatoms selected from O, N and S; each of said Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃,    Ar₄, and Ar₅ being optionally and independently substituted with    from 1 to 3 substituents selected from —NR₁₉R₂₀, —C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₄alkyl;-   Het₁, Het₂, Het₃, Het₄, Het₅, and Het₆ are each independently a 5-    or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle having from 1 to 3 heteroatoms    selected from O, N and S, wherein each heterocycle is being    optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3    substituents selected from -halo, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —OC₁₋₆alkyl,    —SC₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₂₁R₂₂; each of said —C₁₋₆alkyl being optionally    substituted with from 1 to 3 -halo;-   Z₁, Z₂, Z₃, Z₄ and Z₅ are each independently selected from C and N

2. A compound as defined in statement 1, wherein

-   A₁ and A₂ are selected from C and N; wherein when A₁ is C, then A₂    is N; and wherein when A₂ is C, then A₁ is N;-   R₁ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₉R₁₀, —(C═O)—R₄, —SO₂—R₄, —CN,    —NR₉SO₂—R₄, -Het₁; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and    independently substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected    from -halo, —OH, —NR₁₁R₁₂, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl;-   R₂ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═O)—NR₂₇R₂₈, -Het₃, —(C═O)-Het₃, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₃, —Ar₂, —NR₁₃R₁₄;-   R₃ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    -Het₂, —(C═O)-Het₂, —(C═O)—NR₂₉R₃₀, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl,    —SC₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₅R₁₆, -Het₂, —Ar₄;-   R₄ is selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₇R₁₈, -Het₄;-   R₅ and R₇ are each independently selected from —H, -halo,    —C₁₋₆alkyl, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅, —Ar₁, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —SO₂—Ar₃, —SO₂, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O), —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of said    C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to    3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl,    -Het₅, —NR₂₃R₂₄;-   R₆ is selected from —SO₂, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O), —(C═S),    —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═S)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═S)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂,    —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂,    —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═O)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl,    —(C═S)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═O)-Het₅,    —(C═S)-Het₅, —(C═O)—Ar₆, —(C═S)—Ar₆, —(C═O)—NR₃₁—(C═O)—R₃₂; wherein    each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted    with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl,    —SC₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅, —NR₂₅R₂₆;-   R₈ is selected from —NR₃₄—(C═O)—R₃₅, —NR₃₆—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅,    —NR₃₄—(SO2)-R₃₅, —NR₃₄—(C═O)—O—R₃₅, —O—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅;-   R₉, R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₄, R₁₅, R₁₆, R₁₇, R₁₈, R₁₉, R₂₀, R₂₁, R₂₂,    R₂₃, R₂₄, R₂₅, R₂₆, R₂₇, R₂₈, R₂₉, R₃₀, R₃₁, R₃₂, R₃₃, R₃₄, R₃₅,    R₃₆, R₃₇, R₃₈, R₃₉ and R₄₀ are each independently selected from —H,    -halo, —O, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl or -Het₁;    wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently    substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₆, —Ar₅;-   X₁ is selected from —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —(C═O)—, —NR₃—(C═O)—, —NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —SO₂—NR₃—; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₃₇R₃₈; wherein when X₁ is —O—CH₃—,    then R₅ is not —H;-   X₂ is selected from —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —(C═O)—, —(C═O)—NR₂—, —NR₂—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —NR₂—, —SO₂—NR₂—; wherein    each of said C₁₋₆alkyl C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently    substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH,    —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₃₉R₄₀;-   B is selected from —(C═O)—, —(C═N)R₃₉—, —(SO2)-, —(C═O)—NR₅—,    —(C═S)—NR₅—, —NR₅—(C═O)—NR₇—, —NR₅—(C═S)—NR₇—, —SO₂—NR₅—, —NR₆—,    —NR₅—(C═O)—O—, —NR₅—(C═S)—O—, —CHR₈—;-   Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃, Ar₄, Ar₅, and Ar₆ are each independently a 5- or    6-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally comprising 1 or 2    heteroatoms selected from O, N and S; each of said Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃,    Ar₄, and Ar₅ being optionally and independently substituted with    from 1 to 3 substituents selected from —NR₁₉R₂₀, —C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl;-   Het₁, Het₂, Het₃, Het₄, Het₅, and Het₆ are each independently a 5-    or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle having from 1 to 3 heteroatoms    selected from O, N and S, wherein each heterocycle is being    optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3    substituents selected from -halo, —C₄alkyl, —OC₁₋₆alkyl,    —SC₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₂₁R₂₂; each of said —C₁₋₆alkyl being optionally    substituted with from 1 to 3 -halo;-   Z₁, Z₂, Z₃, Z₄ and Z₅ are each independently is selected from C and    N

3. A compound as defined in statement 1, wherein

-   A₁ is N and A₂ is C;-   R₁ is selected from —H, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₉R₁₀, —SO₂—R₄, —CN, —NR₉—SO₂—R₄,    -Het₁; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and    independently substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected    from -halo, —OH, —NR₁₁R₁₂, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl;-   R₂ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═O)—NR₂₇R₂₈, -Het₃, —(C═O)-Het₃, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₃, —Ar₂, —NR₁₃R₁₄;-   R₃ is selected from —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    -Het₂, —(C═O)-Het₂, —(C═O)—NR₂₉R₃₀, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —SC₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₅R₁₆, -Het₂, —Ar₄;-   R₄ is selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₁₇R₁₈, -Het₄;-   R₅ and R₇ are each independently selected from —H, -halo,    —C₁₋₆alkyl, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅, —Ar₁, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl,    —SO₂—Ar₃, —SO₂, —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O), —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of said    C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to    3 substituents selected from —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₅,    —NR₂₃R₂₄;-   R₆ is selected from —SO₂, —(C═O), —(C═S), —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═S)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═S)—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂,    —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═S)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂,    —(C═O)-Het₅, —(C═S)-Het₅, —(C═O)—NR₃₁—(C═O)—R₃₂; wherein each of    said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from    1 to 3 substituents selected from —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl, —SC₁₋₆alkyl,    -Het₅, —NR₂₅R₂₆;-   R₈ is selected from —NR₃₆—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅, —NR₃₄—(SO2)-R₃₅,    —NR₃₄—(C═O)—O—R₃₅, —O—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅;-   R₉, R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₄, R₁₅, R₁₆, R₁₇, R₁₈, R₁₉, R₂₀, R₂₁, R₂₂,    R₂₃, R₂₄, R₂₅, R₂₆, R₂₇, R₂₈, R₂₉, R₃₀, R₃₁, R₃₂, R₃₃, R₃₄, R₃₅,    R₃₆, R₃₇, R₃₈, R₃₉ and R₄₀ are each independently selected from —H,    -halo, —O, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₅cycloalkyl or -Het₁;    wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently    substituted with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, -Het₆, —Ar₅;-   X₁ is selected from —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —(C═O)—, —NR₃—(C═O)—, —SO₂—NR₃—; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is    optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3    substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₃₇R₃₈;-   X₂ is selected from —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-,    —(C═O)—, —(C═O)—NR₂—, —NR₂—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —NR₂—, —SO₂—NR₂—; wherein    each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted    with from 1 to 3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₃₉R₄₀;-   B is selected from —(C═O)—, —(C═N)R₃₉—, —(SO2)-, —(C═O)—NR₅—,    —(C═S)—NR₅—, —NR₅—(C═O)—NR₇—, —NR₅—(C═S)—NR₇—, —SO₂—NR₅—, —NR₆—,    —NR₅—(C═S)—O—, —CHR₈—;-   Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃, Ar₄, Ar₅, and Ar₆ are each independently a 5- or    6-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally comprising 1 or 2    heteroatoms selected from O, N and S; each of said Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃,    Ar₄, and Ar₅ being optionally and independently substituted with    from 1 to 3 substituents selected from —NR₁₉R₂₀, —C₁₋₆alkyl,    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl;-   Het₁, Het₂, Het₃, Het₄, Het₅, and Het₆ are each independently a 5-    or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle having from 1 to 3 heteroatoms    selected from O, N and S, wherein each heterocycle is being    optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3    substituents selected from -halo, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —OC₁₋₆alkyl,    —SC₁₋₆alkyl, —NR₂₁R₂₂; each of said —C₁₋₆alkyl being optionally    substituted with from 1 to 3 -halo;-   Z₁, Z₂, Z₃, Z₄ and Z₅ are each C.

4. A compound according to statement 1, wherein

-   A₁ and A₂ are selected from C and N; wherein when A₁ is C, then A₂    is N; and wherein when A₂ is C, then A₁ is N;-   R₁ is selected from —H, -halo, —(C═O)—R₄;-   R₂ is selected from —H, —C₁₋₆alkyl; wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl    is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to 3    —O—C₁₋₆alkyl;-   R₃ is selected from —H, —C₁₋₆alkyl;-   R₄ is —NR₁₇R₁₈;-   R₅ and R₇ are each independently selected from —H, —C₁₋₆alkyl;    wherein each of said C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently    substituted with from 1 to 3 -halo;-   R₆ is selected from —SO₂—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆alkyl,    —(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═O)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl,    —(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C═O)-Het₅, —(C═O)—Ar₆; wherein each of said    C₁₋₆alkyl is optionally and independently substituted with from 1 to    3 substituents selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆alkyl-   R₈ is —NR₃₄—(C═O)—R₃₅;-   R₁₇, R₁₈, R₃₁, R₃₂, R₃₄, R₃₅, are each independently selected from    —H, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl;-   X₁ is selected from —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-;-   X₂ is selected from —S—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —NR₂—C₁₋₆alkyl-;-   B is selected from —(C═O)—NR₅—, —NR₅—(C═O)—NR₇—, —SO₂—NR₅—, —NR₆—,    —NR₅—(C═O)—O—, —CHR₈—-   Het₅ is a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle having from 1 to 3    heteroatoms selected from O, N and S, wherein each heterocycle is    being optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 —C₁₋₆alkyl; each of    said —C₁₋₆alkyl being optionally substituted with from 1 to 3 -halo;-   Ar₆ is a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocycle optionally comprising    1 or 2 heteroatoms selected from O, N and S;-   Z₁, Z₂, Z₃, Z₄ and Z₅ are each independently is selected from C and    N.

5. A compound as defined in statement 1, wherein

-   A₁ and A₂ are selected from C and N; wherein when A₁ is C, than A₂    is N; and wherein when A₂ is C, than A₁ is N;-   R₁ and R₂ are —H;-   R₅ and R₇ are each independently selected from —H and —C₁₋₆alkyl;-   R₆ is selected from —(C═O)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═O)—(CH₂)₂—OH;-   X₁ is —O—C₁₋₃alkyl-; wherein when X₁ is —O—CH₃—, then R₅ is not —H;-   X₂ is —NR₂—C₁₋₆alkyl-;-   B is selected from —(C═O)—NR₅—, —NR₅—(C═O)—NR₇, —SO₂—NR₅, —NR₆—;-   Z₁, Z₂, Z₃, Z₄ and Z₅ are each C.

6. A compound as defined in any one of statements 1 to 5 wherein thepyrazolopyrimidine moiety is linked to the aryl or heteroaryl moiety atposition Z₁ or Z₂, in accordance with the numbering as provided inFormula I.

7. A compound as defined in any one of statements 1 to 6 wherein R₁ islinked to the aryl or heteroaryl moiety at position Z₃, Z₄ or Z₅, inaccordance with the numbering as provided in Formula I.

8. A compound as defined in any one of statements 1 to 7, for use as ahuman or veterinary medicine.

9. Use of a compound as defined in any one of statements 1 to 7 in themanufacture of a medicament for the prevention, treatment and/ordiagnosis of neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease orAlzheimer's disease.

10. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound as defined in anyone of statements 1 to 7, suitable for use as a human or veterinarymedicine.

11. Use of a compound as defined in any one of statements 1 to 7, or acomposition as defined in statement 10, suitable for inhibiting theactivity of a kinase; in particular a LRRK2 kinase.

12. Use of a compound as defined in any one of statements 1 to 7, or acomposition as defined in statement 10, for the prevention, treatmentand/or diagnosis of neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's diseaseor Alzheimer's disease.

13. A method for the prevention and/or treatment of neurologicaldisorders, such as Parkinson's disease or Alzheimer's disease; saidmethod comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a compoundaccording to any one of statements 1 to 7 or a composition as defined instatement 10.

Method of Treatment

Compounds of formula (I) a stereoisomer, tautomer, racemic, metabolite,pro- or predrug, salt, hydrate, N-oxide form, or solvate thereof, areinhibitors of LRRK2 kinase activity and are thus believed to be ofpotential use in the treatment of neurological disorders includingParkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, dementia (including Lewy bodydementia and vascular dementia), age related memory dysfunction, mildcognitive impairment, argyrophilic grain disease, Pick's disease,corticobasal degeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, inheritedfrontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17(FTDP-17), withdrawal symptoms/relapse associated with drug addiction,L-Dopa induced dyskinesia, and renal, breast, lung, prostate cancers aswell as acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).

In the context of the present invention, treatment of Parkinson'sdisease refers to the treatment of idiopathic Parkinson's disease andfamilial Parkinson's disease. In one embodiment, familial Parkinson'sdisease includes patients expressing LRRK2 kinase bearing the G2019Smutation or the R1441G mutation. Treatment of Parkinson's disease may besymptomatic or may be disease modifying. In one embodiment, treatment ofParkinson's disease refers to symptomatic treatment. Compounds of thepresent invention may also be useful in treating patients identified assusceptible to progression to severe Parkinsonism by means of one ofmore subtle features associated with disease progression such as familyhistory, olfaction deficits, constipation, cognitive defects, gait orbiological indicators of disease progression gained from molecular,biochemical, immunological or Imaging technologies. In this context,treatment may be symptomatic or disease modifying.

In the context of the present invention, treatment of Alzheimer'sdisease refers to the treatment of idiopathic Alzheimer's disease andfamilial Alzheimer's disease. Treatment of Alzheimer's disease may besymptomatic or may be disease modifying. In one embodiment, treatment ofAlzheimer's disease refers to symptomatic treatment.

Similarly, treatment of dementia (including Lewy body dementia andvascular dementia), age related memory dysfunction, mild cognitiveimpairment argyrophilic grain disease, Pick's disease, corticobasaldegeneration, progressive supranuclear palsy, inherited frontotemporaldementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-7) and renal,breast, lung, prostate cancers as well as acute myelogenous leukemia(AML) may be symptomatic or disease modifying. In one embodiment,treatment of dementia (including Lewy body dementia and vasculardementia), age related memory dysfunction, mild cognitive impairment,argyrophilic grain disease, Pick's disease, corticobasal degeneration,progressive supranuclear palsy, inherited frontotemporal dementia andparkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17), and renal, breast, lung,prostate cancers as well as acute myelogenous leukemia (A L) refers tosymptomatic treatment.

In the context of the present invention, treatment of withdrawalsymptoms/relapse associated with drug addiction and L-Dopa induceddyskinesia refers to symptomatic treatment.

Accordingly, the present invention further provides a method for theprevention and/or treatment of neurological disorders such as but notlimited to Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, said methodcomprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeuticeffective amount of a compound or a composition as defined herein. Themethods of the present invention can be utilized in a variety ofsettings, including, for example, in selecting the optimal treatmentcourse for a patient, in predicting the likelihood of success whentreating an individual patient with a particular treatment regimen, inassessing disease progression, in monitoring treatment efficacy, indetermining prognosis for individual patients and in assessingpredisposition of an individual to benefit from a particular therapy.

In the invention, particular preference is given to compounds of FormulaI or any subgroup thereof that in the inhibition assay for LRRK2described below inhibit kinase activity with an IC₅₀ value of less than10 μM, preferably less than 1 μM, most preferably less than 100 nM.

Said inhibition may be effected in vitro and/or in vivo, and wheneffected in vivo, is preferably effected in a selective manner, asdefined above.

The term “LRRK2 kinase-mediated condition” or “disease”, as used herein,means any disease or other deleterious condition in which the LRKK2kinase is known to play a role. The term “LRRK2 kinase-mediatedcondition” or “disease” also means those diseases or conditions that arealleviated by treatment with a LRRK2 kinase inhibitor. Accordingly,another embodiment of the present invention relates to treating orlessening the severity of one or more diseases in which the LRRK2 kinaseis known to play a role.

For pharmaceutical use, the compounds of the invention may be used as afree acid or base, and/or in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptableacid-addition and/or base-addition salt (e.g. obtained with non-toxicorganic or inorganic acid or base), in the form of a hydrate, solvateand/or complex, and/or in the form or a pro-drug or pre-drug, such as anester. As used herein and unless otherwise stated, the term “solvate”includes any combination which may be formed by a compound of thisinvention with a suitable inorganic solvent (e.g. hydrates) or organicsolvent, such as but not limited to alcohols, ketones, esters and thelike. Such salts, hydrates, solvates, etc. and the preparation thereofwill be clear to the skilled person; reference is for instance made tothe salts, hydrates, solvates, etc. described in U.S. Pat. No.6,372,778, U.S. Pat. No. 6,369,086, U.S. Pat. No. 6,369,087 and U.S.Pat. No. 6,372,733.

The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds according to theinvention, i.e. in the form of water-, oil-soluble, or dispersibleproducts, include the conventional non-toxic salts or the quaternaryammonium salts which are formed, e.g., from inorganic or organic acidsor bases. Examples of such acid addition salts include acetate, adipate,alginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate,citrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, cyclopentanepropionate,digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, fumarate, glucoheptanoate,glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydrochloride,hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, lactate, maleate,methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalene-sulfonate, nicotinate, oxalate,palmoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, picrate, pivalate,propionate, succinate, tartrate, thiocyanate, tosylate, and undecanoate.Base salts include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts such as sodium andpotassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium andmagnesium salts, salts with organic bases such as dicyclohexylaminesalts, N-methyl-D-glucamine, and salts with amino acids such asarginine, lysine, and so forth. In addition, the basicnitrogen-containing groups may be quaternized with such agents as loweralkyl halides, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chloride,bromides and iodides; dialkyl sulfates like dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl;and diamyl sulfates, long chain halides such as decyl, lauryl, myristyland stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides, aralkyl halides like benzyland phenethyl-bromides and others. Other pharmaceutically acceptablesalts include the sulfate salt ethanolate and sulfate salts.

Generally, for pharmaceutical use, the compounds of the inventions maybe formulated as a pharmaceutical preparation or pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising at least one compound of the invention and atleast one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipientand/or adjuvant, and optionally one or more further pharmaceuticallyactive compounds.

By means of non-limiting examples, such a formulation may be in a formsuitable for oral administration, for parenteral administration (such asby intravenous, intramuscular or subcutaneous injection or intravenousinfusion), for administration by inhalation, by a skin patch, by animplant, by a suppository, etc. Such suitable administration forms—whichmay be solid, semi-solid or liquid, depending on the manner ofadministration—as well as methods and carriers, diluents and excipientsfor use in the preparation thereof, will be clear to the skilled person;reference is again made to for instance U.S. Pat. No. 6,372,778, U.S.Pat. No. 6,369,086, U.S. Pat. No. 6,369,087 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,372,733,as well as to the standard handbooks, such as the latest edition ofRemington's Pharmaceutical Sciences.

Some preferred, but non-limiting examples of such preparations includetablets, pills, powders, lozenges, sachets, cachets, elixirs,suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols, ointments, creams,lotions, soft and hard gelatin capsules, suppositories, eye drops,sterile injectable solutions and sterile packaged powders (which areusually reconstituted prior to use) for administration as a bolus and/orfor continuous administration, which may be formulated with carriers,excipients, and diluents that are suitable per se for such formulations,such as lactose, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, mannitol, starches, gumacacia, calcium phosphate, alginates, tragacanth, gelatin, calciumsilicate, microcrystalline cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethyleneglycol, cellulose, (sterile) water, methylcellulose, methyl- andpropylhydroxybenzoates, talc, magnesium stearate, edible oils, vegetableoils and mineral oils or suitable mixtures thereof. The formulations canoptionally contain other pharmaceutically active substances (which mayor may not lead to a synergistic effect with the compounds of theinvention) and other substances that are commonly used in pharmaceuticalformulations, such as lubricating agents, wetting agents, emulsifyingand suspending agents, dispersing agents, desintegrants, bulking agents,fillers, preserving agents, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, flowregulators, release agents, etc. The compositions may also be formulatedso as to provide rapid, sustained or delayed release of the activecompound(s) contained therein, for example using liposomes orhydrophilic polymeric matrices based on natural gels or syntheticpolymers. In order to enhance the solubility and/or the stability of thecompounds of a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention, itcan be advantageous to employ α-, β- or γ-cyclodextrins or theirderivatives. An interesting way of formulating the compounds incombination with a cyclodextrin or a derivative thereof has beendescribed in EP-A-721,331. In particular, the present inventionencompasses a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amountof a compound according to the invention with a pharmaceuticallyacceptable cyclodextrin.

In addition, co-solvents such as alcohols may improve the solubilityand/or the stability of the compounds. In the preparation of aqueouscompositions, addition of salts of the compounds of the invention can bemore suitable due to their increased water solubility.

For local administration, the compounds may advantageously be used inthe form of a spray, ointment or transdermal patch or another suitableform for topical, transdermal and/or intradermal administration.

More in particular, the compositions may be formulated in apharmaceutical formulation comprising a therapeutically effective amountof particles consisting of a solid dispersion of the compounds of theinvention and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable water-solublepolymers.

The term “a solid dispersion” defines a system in a solid state (asopposed to a liquid or gaseous state) comprising at least twocomponents, wherein one component is dispersed more or less evenlythroughout the other component or components. When said dispersion ofthe components is such that the system is chemically and physicallyuniform or homogenous throughout or consists of one phase as defined inthermodynamics, such a solid dispersion is referred to as “a solidsolution”. Solid solutions are preferred physical systems because thecomponents therein are usually readily bioavailable to the organisms towhich they are administered.

It may further be convenient to formulate the compounds in the form ofnanoparticles which have a surface modifier adsorbed on the surfacethereof in an amount sufficient to maintain an effective averageparticle size of less than 1000 nm. Suitable surface modifiers canpreferably be selected from known organic and inorganic pharmaceuticalexcipients. Such excipients include various polymers, low molecularweight oligomers, natural products and surfactants. Preferred surfacemodifiers include nonionic and anionic surfactants.

Yet another interesting way of formulating the compounds according tothe invention involves a pharmaceutical composition whereby thecompounds are incorporated in hydrophilic polymers and applying thismixture as a coat film over many small beads, thus yielding acomposition with good bio-availability which can conveniently bemanufactured and which is suitable for preparing pharmaceutical dosageforms for oral administration. Materials suitable for use as cores inthe beads are manifold, provided that said materials arepharmaceutically acceptable and have appropriate dimensions andfirmness. Examples of such materials are polymers, inorganic substances,organic substances, and saccharides and derivatives thereof.

The preparations may be prepared in a manner known per se, which usuallyinvolves mixing at least one compound according to the invention withthe one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, and, if desired,in combination with other pharmaceutical active compounds, whennecessary under aseptic conditions. Reference is again made to U.S. Pat.No. 6,372,778, U.S. Pat. No. 6,369,086, U.S. Pat. No. 6,369,087 and U.S.Pat. No. 6,372,733 and the further prior art mentioned above, as well asto the standard handbooks, such as the latest edition of Remington'sPharmaceutical Sciences.

The pharmaceutical preparations of the invention are preferably in aunit dosage form, and may be suitably packaged, for example in a box,blister, vial, bottle, sachet, ampoule or in any other suitablesingle-dose or multi-dose holder or container (which may be properlylabeled); optionally with one or more leaflets containing productinformation and/or instructions for use. Generally, such unit dosageswill contain between 1 and 1000 mg, and usually between 5 and 500 mg, ofthe at least one compound of the invention, e.g. about 10, 25, 50, 100,200, 300 or 400 mg per unit dosage.

The compounds can be administered by a variety of routes including theoral, rectal, ocular, transdermal, subcutaneous, intravenous,intramuscular or intranasal routes, depending mainly on the specificpreparation used and the condition to be treated or prevented, and withoral and intravenous administration usually being preferred. The atleast one compound of the invention will generally be administered in an“effective amount”, by which is meant any amount of a compound ofFormula or any subgroup thereof that, upon suitable administration, issufficient to achieve the desired therapeutic or prophylactic effect inthe individual to which it is administered. Usually, depending on thecondition to be prevented or treated and the route of administration,such an effective amount will usually be between 0.01 to 1000 mg perkilogram body weight day of the patient per day, more often between 0.1and 500 mg, such as between 1 and 250 mg, for example about 5, 10, 20,50, 100, 150, 200 or 250 mg, per kilogram body weight day of the patientper day, which may be administered as a single daily dose, divided overone or more daily doses, or essentially continuously, e.g. using a dripinfusion. The amount(s) to be administered, the route of administrationand the further treatment regimen may be determined by the treatingclinician, depending on factors such as the age, gender and generalcondition of the patient and the nature and severity of thedisease/symptoms to be treated. Reference is again made to U.S. Pat. No.6,372,778,U.S. Pat. No. 6,369,086, U.S. Pat. No. 6,369,087 and U.S. Pat.No. 6,372,733 and the further prior art mentioned above, as well as tothe standard handbooks, such as the latest edition of Remington'sPharmaceutical Sciences.

In accordance with the method of the present invention, saidpharmaceutical composition can be administered separately at differenttimes during the course of therapy or concurrently in divided or singlecombination forms. The present invention is therefore to be understoodas embracing all such regimes of simultaneous or alternating treatmentand the term “administering” is to be interpreted accordingly.

For an oral administration form, the compositions of the presentinvention can be mixed with suitable additives, such as excipients,stabilizers, or inert diluents, and brought by means of the customarymethods into the suitable administration forms, such as tablets, coatedtablets, hard capsules, aqueous, alcoholic, or oily solutions. Examplesof suitable inert carriers are gum arabic, magnesia, magnesiumcarbonate, potassium phosphate, lactose, glucose, or starch, inparticular, corn starch. In this case, the preparation can be carriedout both as dry and as moist granules. Suitable oily excipients orsolvents are vegetable or animal oils, such as sunflower oil or codliver oil. Suitable solvents for aqueous or alcoholic solutions arewater, ethanol, sugar solutions, or mixtures thereof. Polyethyleneglycols and polypropylene glycols are also useful as further auxiliariesfor other administration forms. As immediate release tablets, thesecompositions may contain microcrystalline cellulose, dicalciumphosphate, starch, magnesium stearate and lactose and/or otherexcipients, binders, extenders, disintegrants, diluents and lubricantsknown in the art.

When administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation, these compositions maybe prepared according to techniques well-known in the art ofpharmaceutical formulation and may be prepared as solutions in saline,employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absorptionpromoters to enhance bioavailability, fluorocarbons, and/or othersolubilizing or dispersing agents known in the art. Suitablepharmaceutical formulations for administration in the form of aerosolsor sprays are, for example, solutions, suspensions or emulsions of thecompounds of the invention or their physiologically tolerable salts in apharmaceutically acceptable solvent, such as ethanol or water, or amixture of such solvents. If required, the formulation can alsoadditionally contain other pharmaceutical auxiliaries such assurfactants, emulsifiers and stabilizers as well as a propellant.

For subcutaneous administration, the compound according to theinvention, if desired with the substances customary therefore such assolubilizers, emulsifiers or further auxiliaries are brought intosolution, suspension, or emulsion. The compounds of the invention canalso be lyophilized and the lyophilizates obtained used, for example,for the production of injection or infusion preparations. Suitablesolvents are, for example, water, physiological saline solution oralcohols, e.g. ethanol, propanol, glycerol, in addition also sugarsolutions such as glucose or mannitol solutions, or alternativelymixtures of the various solvents mentioned. The injectable solutions orsuspensions may be formulated according to known art, using suitablenon-toxic, parenterally-acceptable diluents or solvents, such asmannitol, 1,3-butanediol, water, Ringer's solution or isotonic sodiumchloride solution, or suitable dispersing or wetting and suspendingagents, such as sterile, bland, fixed oils, including synthetic mono- ordiglycerides, and fatty acids, including oleic acid.

When rectally administered in the form of suppositories, theseformulations may be prepared by mixing the compounds according to theinvention with a suitable non-irritating excipient, such as cocoabutter, synthetic glyceride esters or polyethylene glycols, which aresolid at ordinary temperatures, but liquefy and/or dissolve in therectal cavity to release the drug.

In preferred embodiments, the compounds and compositions of theinvention are used orally or parenterally.

The invention will now be illustrated by means of the followingsynthetic and biological examples, which do not limit the scope of theinvention in any way.

EXAMPLES A. Compound Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties

The compounds of this invention can be prepared by any of severalstandard synthetic processes commonly used by those skilled in the artof organic chemistry. The compounds are generally prepared from startingmaterials which are either commercially available or prepared bystandard means obvious to those skilled in the art.

General Schemes:

In general the compounds of formula (I) can be prepared as shown inscheme 1 below wherein a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine or aimidazo[2,1-f]pyridazine of formula (II) is converted by reaction with acompound of formula (III) into a compound of formula (IV), which is thenreacted with a (hetero-) aryl of formula (V) to form a compound offormula (VI). The compound of formula (VI) can then be optionallydeprotected if desired before cyclisation to form a compound of formula(VII). The compound of formula (VII) can be optionally converted into acompound of general formula (I).

In the above scheme:

LG₁ and LG₂ each independently represent suitable leaving or functionalgroups;

X₃ and X₄ together with the functional moiety to which they are attachedrepresent an unprotected or a protected functional group which uponreaction (after deprotection) produce together X₁ as defined in formulaI;

E represents a suitable functional group that can be used to form adirect bond between the (hetero-)aryl group and the scaffold.

D represents a functional group such as B or a protected functionalgroup, which upon further reaction and/or deprotection produces afunctional group such as B as defined in formula I;

In the above reaction of the compound of formula (II) with the compoundof formula (III) the leaving groups LG₁ and LG₂ are advantageously ahalo group such as a chlorine or a bromine group. The reaction can beaffected by a substitution for example by treating the compound offormula (II) with the compound of formula (III) in an organic solventsuch as acetonitrile with an appropriate base such as for examplediisopropylethylamine at an elevated temperature for example underreflux.

Compounds of formula (III) can be obtained through various selectiveprotection and deprotection steps. The protection reactions can beeffected using for example isoindoline-1,3-dione in a solvent such astoluene at an elevated temperature for example reflux or it can beeffected by using for example tert-butoxycarbonyl anhydride in thepresence of a base for example triethylamine in a solvent such astetrahydrofuran at room temperature or it can be effected using forexample tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride and triethylamine in a solventsuch as N,N-dimethylformamide at room temperature. The deprotectionreaction can be effected in a conventional manner using for examplehydrazine in a solvent such as ethanol at an elevated temperature forexample under reflux.

The compound of formula (IV) can optionally be protected with a suitableprotecting group such as a tert-butyloxycarbonylamino group in aconventional manner for example by treatment with tert-butoxycarbonylanhydride in basic conditions using for example triethylamine and4-(dimethylamino)pyridine in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran at anelevated temperature such as under reflux.

The reaction of the resulting compound (IV) with a (hetero-)arylcompound of formula (V) is advantageously effected through the couplingof a boronic acid E or boronic ester E derivative of the (hetero-)arylcompound under Suzuki conditions using for exampletetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0),2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (Xphos) andpotassium phosphate tribasic in a solvent mixture such as1,4-dioxane/water at an elevated temperature for example 80° C.

The resulting compound of formula (VI) can optionally be treated toremove any desired protecting groups for example silyl ether groups suchas tert-butyldimethylsilyl groups can be converted to the parent freehydroxy group. Such deprotection can be effected in a conventionalmanner for example using tetrabutylammonium fluoride in 1,4-dioxane atroom temperature.

The cyclisation of the compound of formula (VI) can be effected forexample under Mitsunobu conditions using for example diisopropylazodicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine in a solvent mixture such as2-methyl-1,4-dioxane and toluene at an elevated temperature such as 90°C.

The resulting compound of formula (VII) can optionally be treated toremove any desired protecting groups for exampletert-butyloxycarbonylamino groups can be converted to the parent freeamino group. Such deprotection can be effected in a conventional mannerfor example by treatment under acidic conditions for example using a 4Nhydrochloric acid solution in methanol at room temperature.

The deprotected compound can optionally be treated to form an amidecompound of formula (I). The reaction can advantageously be affected bytreatment with an acyichloride and a base such as triethylamine in asolvent such as tetrahydrofuran at room temperature. The reaction canalso be affected using for exampleO-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) and diisopropylethylamine in a solvent such asN,N-dimethylformamide at for example room temperature.

Compounds 1, 4, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 20, 25 and 29 may beprepared according to the synthesis described in Scheme 1.

The compounds of formula (I) can also be prepared as shown in generalscheme 2 below wherein a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine or aimidazo[2,1-f]pyridazine of formula (II) is converted by reaction with acompound of formula (VIII) into a compound of formula (IX), which isthen reacted with a (hetero-)aryl of formula (V) to form a compound offormula (X). The compound of formula (X) can be reacted with a compoundof formula (XI) to yield a compound of formula (XII). The compound offormula (XII) can then be deprotected if desired before cyclisation toform a compound of formula (VII). The compound of formula (VII) can beoptionally converted into a compound of general formula (I).

In the below scheme 2:

LG₁ and LG₂ each independently represent suitable leaving or functionalgroups;

X₄ and X₅ together with the functional moiety to which they are attachedrepresent an unprotected or a protected functional group which uponreaction (after deprotection) produce together X₁ as defined in formulaI;

E represents a suitable functional group that can be used to form adirect bond between the (hetero-)aryl group and the scaffold.

G and J represent functional groups or protected functional groups,which upon further reaction and/or deprotection produce a functionalgroup such as D;

D represents a functional group such as B or a protected functionalgroup, which upon further reaction and/or deprotection produces afunctional group such as B as defined in formula I;

In the above reaction of the compound of formula (II) with the compoundof formula (VIII) the leaving groups LG₁ and LG₂ are advantageously ahalo group such as a chlorine or a bromine group. The reaction can beaffected by a substitution for example by treating the compound offormula (II) with the compound of formula (VIII) in an organic solventsuch as acetonitrile with an appropriate base such as for examplediisopropylethylamine at an elevated temperature for example underreflux.

Compounds of formula (VIII) and (XI) can be either commercially acquiredor obtained through various selective protection and deprotection steps.

The resulting compound of formula (IX) can optionally be protected witha suitable protecting group such as a tert-butyloxycarbonylamino groupin a conventional manner for example by treatment withtert-butoxycarbonyl anhydride in basic conditions using for exampletriethylamine and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine in a solvent such astetrahydrofuran at an elevated temperature such as under reflux.

The reaction of the resulting compound (IX) with a (hetero-)arylcompound of formula (V) is advantageously effected through the couplingof a boronic acid E or boronic ester E derivative of the (hetero-)arylcompound under Suzuki conditions using for exampletetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0),2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (Xphos) andpotassium phosphate tribasic in a solvent mixture such as1,4-dioxane/water at an elevated temperature for example 80° C.

The reaction of the resulting compound of formula (X) with a compound offormula (XI) which can be advantageously effected under Williamsonconditions using a base such as potassium carbonate in a solvent such asacetonitrile at an elevated temperature such as under reflux. Thisreaction can also be effected under Mitsunobu conditions using forexample diisopropyl azodicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine in a solventsuch as tetrahydrofuran at an elevated temperature such as 90° C.

The resulting compound of formula (XII) can optionally be treated toremove any desired protecting groups for exampletert-butyloxycarbonylamino groups can be converted to the parent freeamino group and for example ester groups can be converted to the parentfree carboxylic acid groups. Such deprotection can be effected in aconventional manner for example by treatment under acidic conditions forexample using an aqueous 6N hydrochloric acid solution in a solvent suchas acetonitrile at an elevated temperature for example 60C or using anacid such as trifluoroacetic acid in a solvent such as dichloromethaneat for example room temperature.

The cyclisation of the compound of formula (XII) can be effected forexample by treatment withO-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine in a solvent such asN,N-dimethylformamide at for example room temperature.

The resulting compound of formula (VII) can optionally be treated toform a compound of formula (I).

Compounds 2, 3, 9, 18 and 27 may be prepared according to the synthesisdescribed in Scheme 2.

The compounds of formula (I) can also be prepared as shown in generalscheme 3 below wherein a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine or aimidazo[2,1-f]pyridazine of formula (II) is converted by reaction with acompound of formula (VIII) into a compound of formula (IX). The compoundof formula (IX) can be optionally be converted into a compound offormula (XIII) which is then reacted with a (hetero-)aryl of formula(XIV) to form a compound of formula (XV). The compound of formula (XV)can then be optionally deprotected if desired before cyclisation to forma compound of formula (VII). The compound of formula (VII) can beoptionally converted into a compound of general formula (I).

In the above scheme:

LG₁ and LG₂ each independently represent suitable leaving or functionalgroups;

E represents a suitable functional group that can be used to form adirect bond between the (hetero-)aryl group and the scaffold.

G represents a suitable functional group or protected functional group,which upon further reaction and/or deprotection produces a functionalgroup such as K;

K and L represent functional groups or protected functional groups,which upon further reaction and/or deprotection produce a functionalgroup such as D;

D represents a functional group such as B or a protected functionalgroup, which upon further reaction and/or deprotection produces afunctional group such as B as defined in formula I;

In the above reaction of the compound of formula (II) with the compoundof formula (VIII) the leaving groups LG₁ and LG₂ are advantageously ahalo group such as a chlorine or a bromine group. The reaction can beaffected by a substitution for example by treating the compound offormula (II) with the compound of formula (VIII) in an organic solventsuch as acetonitrile with an appropriate base such as for examplediisopropylethylamine at an elevated temperature for example underreflux.

Compounds of formula (VIII) can be either commercially acquired orobtained through various selective protection and deprotection steps.

The compounds of formula (IX) can be deprotected using for exampleacidic conditions such as a 4N hydrochloric acid solution in methanol atroom temperature.

The resulting deprotected compound can be reacted with for example2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride and triethylamine in a solvent such asdichloromethane at a temperature going from 0° C. to room temperature.

The resulting compound can optionally be protected with a suitableprotecting group such as a tert-butyloxycarbonylamino group in aconventional manner for example by treatment with tert-butoxycarbonylanhydride in basic conditions using for example triethylamine and4-(dimethylamino)pyridine in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran at anelevated temperature such as under reflux.

The compound of formula (IX) can optionally be alkylated using forexample iodomethane and cesium carbonate in a solvent such asN,N-dimethylformamide at a temperature such as room temperature.

The nitrobenzenesulfonyl can optionally be removed by treatment with forexample thiophenol and cesium carbonate in a solvent such asN,N-dimethylformamide at for example room temperature.

The resulting compound can optionally be protected with a suitableprotecting group such as a tert-butyloxycarbonylamino group in aconventional manner for example by treatment with tert-butoxycarbonylanhydride in basic conditions using for example triethylamine and4-(dimethylamino)pyridine in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran at anelevated temperature such as under reflux.

The boronic ester of formula (XIV) can be obtained through for exampleWilliamson reaction using for example potassium carbonate in a solventsuch as acetonitrile at for example room temperature, followed byboronation through for example treatment with bis(pinacolato)diboron,[1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) and potassiumacetate in a solvent such as 1,4-dioxane at for example an elevatedtemperature such as 80° C. Some intermediate steps can be required toobtain the desired boronic esters.

The reaction of the compound with formula (XIII) with a (hetero-)arylcompound of formula (XIV) is advantageously effected under Suzukiconditions using for example tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0),2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (Xphos) andpotassium phosphate tribasic in a solvent mixture such as1,4-dioxane/water at an elevated temperature for example 80° C.

The resulting compound of formula (XV) can optionally be treated toremove any desired protecting groups for exampletert-butyloxycarbonylamino groups can be converted to the parent freeamino group and for example ester groups can be converted to the parentfree carboxylic acid groups. Such deprotection can be effected in aconventional manner for example by treatment under acidic conditions forexample using an aqueous 6N hydrochloric acid solution in a solvent suchas acetonitrile at an elevated temperature for example 60° C.

The cyclisation of the compound of formula (XV) can be effected forexample by treatment withO-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine in a solvent such asN,N-dimethylformamide at for example room temperature.

The resulting compound of formula (VII) can optionally be treated toform a compound of formula (I).

Compounds 5 and 7 may be prepared according to the synthesis describedin Scheme 3. The compounds of formula (I) can also be prepared as shownin general scheme 4 below wherein a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine or aimidazo[2,1-f]pyridazine of formula (II) is converted by reaction with acompound of formula (VIII) into a compound of formula (IX), which isthen reacted with a (hetero-)aryl of formula (V) to form a compound offormula (X). The compound of formula (X) can be reacted with a compoundof formula (XI) to yield a compound of formula (XVI). The compound offormula (XVI) can then be deprotected if desired before cyclisation toform a compound of formula (VII). The compound of formula (VII) can beoptionally converted into a compound of general formula (I).

In the above scheme:

LG₁ and LG₂ each independently represent suitable leaving or functionalgroups;

X₄ and X₅ together with the functional moiety to which they are attachedrepresent an unprotected or a protected functional group which uponreaction (after deprotection) produce together X₁ as defined in formulaI;

E represents a suitable functional group that can be used to form adirect bond between the (hetero-)aryl group and the scaffold.

G and J represent functional groups or protected functional groups,which upon further reaction and/or deprotection produce a functionalgroup such as D;

D represents a functional group such as B or a protected functionalgroup, which upon further reaction and/or deprotection produces afunctional group such as B as defined in formula I;

In the above reaction of the compound of formula (II) with the compoundof formula (VIII) the leaving groups LG₁ and LG₂ are advantageously ahalo group such as a chlorine or a bromine group. The reaction can beaffected by a substitution for example by treating the compound offormula (II) with the compound of formula (VIII) in an organic solventsuch as acetonitrle with an appropriate base such as for examplediisopropyl ethylamine at an elevated temperature for example underreflux.

Compounds of formula (VIII) and (XI) can be either commercially acquiredor obtained through various selective protection and deprotection steps.

The resulting compound of formula (IX) can optionally be protected witha suitable protecting group such as a tert-butyloxycarbonylamino groupin a conventional manner for example by treatment withtert-butoxycarbonyl anhydride in basic conditions using for exampletriethylamine and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine in a solvent such astetrahydrofuran at an elevated temperature such as under reflux.

The reaction of the resulting compound (IX) with a (hetero-)arylcompound of formula (V) is advantageously effected through the couplingof a boronic acid E or boronic ester E derivative of the (hetero-)arylcompound under Suzuki conditions using for exampletetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0),2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (Xphos) andpotassium phosphate tribasic in a solvent mixture such as1,4-dioxane/water at an elevated temperature for example 80° C.

The resulting compound of formula (X) can optionally be protected with asuitable protecting group such as a benzyl group in a conventionalmanner for example by treatment with benzylbromide in a solvent such asacetonitrile at an elevated temperature such as 80° C.

The compounds of formula (IX) can be deprotected using for exampleacidic conditions such as a 4N hydrochloric acid solution in methanol atroom temperature.

The reaction of the resulting compound of formula (X) with a compound offormula (XI) which can be advantageously effected using a reagent suchas 1,1′-carbonyl diimidazole in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran at atemperature such as room temperature.

The reaction of the resulting compound of formula (X) with a compound offormula (XI) which can also be advantageously effected using a reagentsuch as sulfonylchloride and a base such as triethylamine in a solventsuch as dichloromethane at a temperature such as room temperature.

The resulting compound of formula (XVI) can optionally be protected witha suitable protecting group such as a tert-butyloxycarbonylamino groupin a conventional manner for example by treatment withtert-butoxycarbonyl anhydride in basic conditions using for exampletriethylamine and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine in a solvent such astetrahydrofuran at an elevated temperature such as under reflux.

The resulting compound of formula (XVI) can optionally be treated toremove any desired protecting groups such as benzyl groups which can beremoved using a 1N boron tribromide solution in a solvent such asdichloromethane at for example room temperature or by using palladium onactivated charcoal under hydrogen atmosphere in a solvent mixture suchas tetrahydrofuran/methanol at for example room temperature.

The cyclisation of the compound of formula (VXI) can be effected forexample by treatment with cesium carbonate, potassium iodide andtetrabutylammonium iodide at for example an elevated temperature such as50° C. or 90° C. in a solvent such as N,N-dimethylacetamide ortetrahydrofuran.

The resulting compound of formula (VII) can optionally be treated toform a compound of formula (I).

Compounds 6, 8, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26 and 28 may be preparedaccording to the synthesis described in Scheme 4.

The above general processes are illustrated by the following specificprocesses which describe the preparation of the compounds of formula(I).

Experimental Part

In obtaining the compounds described in the examples, the followingexperimental protocols were followed unless otherwise indicated.

Unless otherwise stated, reaction mixtures were magnetically stirred atroom temperature.

Where solutions were “dried”, they were generally dried over a dryingagent such as sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate. Where mixtures,solutions and extracts were “concentrated”, they were typicallyconcentrated on a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure.

For some compounds that were purified by reversed phase high-performanceliquid chromatography (HPLC) the used method is described below(indicated in the compound procedure with HPLC method A). Whennecessary, these methods can be slightly adjusted by a person skilled inthe art to obtain a more optimal result for the separation.

HPLC Method A

The crude product was purified by reverse phase HPLC, using a Gilsonsemi-preparative HPLC system operated by Gilson UNIPOINT software.

The purification was carried out on a Phenomenex Luna column (100 mmlong×21.2 mm i.d.; 5 μm particles) at room temperature, with a constantflow rate of 20.0 mL/min. A gradient elution was performed from 32% (25mM NH4HCO3 aqueous solution)/68% (Acetonitrile-Methanol 1:1) to 4% (25mM NH4HCO3 aqueous solution)/96% (Acetonitnle-Methanol 1:1) in 20minutes. The UV detector was set to 226 nm, which corresponds to thewavelength of maximum absorbance observed for the compound.

Preparation of the Compounds Example 1

Example 1 is prepared following general scheme 1.

Preparation of Intermediate 1

A mixture of 2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethanol (14.56 g, 139.80 mmol) andisoindoline-1,3-dione (20.16 g, 137.00 mmol) in toluene (420 ml) wasrefluxed for 3 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure andthe residue was used in the next step without further purification.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=235, RT=0.181 min

Preparation of Intermediate 2

Tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (31.0 g, 205.5 mmol) was added to asuspension of intermediate 1 (32.0 g, 137.0 mmol) and triethylamine(38.0 ml, 274.0 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (411 ml). The mixture wasstirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction mixture was dilutedwith ethyl acetate and washed with water and brine (3×). The organiclayer was dried, filtered and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography usingheptane and ethyl acetate as eluents. The product fractions werecollected and the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 16.6 g of intermediate 2 (35%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=349, RT=0.728 min

Preparation of Intermediate 3

Tert-butoxycarbonyl anhydride (4.3 g, 19.6 mmol) was added to a mixtureof intermediate 2 (6.5 g, 18.6 mmol) and triethylamine (3.1 ml, 22.4mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (56 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1hour and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue wasdissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with water and brine (3×). Theorganic layer was dried, filtered and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure. Intermediate 3 was used in the next step withoutfurther purification.

Yield: 6.0 g of intermediate 3 (72%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=349 (MW-Boc), RT=2.185 min

Preparation of Intermediate 4

A mixture of intermediate 3 (6.0 g, 13.4 mmol) and hydrazine (1.2 ml,40.1 mmol) was stirred overnight at 60° C. The reaction mixture wascooled, filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Theresidue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with 1N sodiumhydroxide and water. The organic layer was dried, filtered and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. Intermediate 4 was used inthe next step without further purification.

Yield: 3.8 g of intermediate 4 (89%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=319, RT=0.948 min

7-Oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),-15,18-heptaenewas prepared according to similar synthetic procedures as described toobtain intermediate 7 using intermediate 4 for the coupling to thescaffold and (3-hydroxyphenyl)boronic acid for the Suzuki coupling. Thering closure was effected after TBDMS deprotection using Mitsunobuconditions. The unprotected7-Oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo-[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),-15,18-heptaene was obtained after Bocdeprotection under acidic conditions.

Preparation of Example 1

A mixture of7-oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),-15,18-heptaene(0.2 g, 0.6 mmol) and triethylamine (208 μl, 1.5 mmol) in drytetrahydrofuran (5 ml) was stirred for 5 minutes and thencyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (60 μl, 0.66 mmol) was added. The mixturewas stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The solvent was removedunder reduced pressure and the residue was triturated in methanol togive the desired product.

Yield: 156 mg of example 1 (72%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=364, RT=1.059 min

Example 2

Example 2 is prepared following general scheme 2.

Preparation of Intermediate 5

A mixture of 3-bromo-5-chloro-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (5.0 g, 21.5mmol), tert-butyl N-(2-aminoethyl)carbamate (4.22 ml, 26.89 mmol) andN,N-diisopropylethylamine (4.5 ml, 25.81 mmol) in acetonitrile (65 ml)was refluxed overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled and the solventwas removed under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in ethylacetate and washed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried,filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel usingheptane and ethyl acetate as eluents. The product fractions werecollected and the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 4.91 g of intermediate 5 (64%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=356, RT=1.035 min

Preparation of Intermediate 6

A mixture of intermediate 5 (4.91 g, 13.79 mmol), tert-butoxycarbonylanhydride (3.31 g, 15.17 mmol), triethylamine (2.9 ml, 20.68 mmol) and4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (0.084 g, 0.69 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (41ml) was refluxed for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved inethyl acetate and washed with water and brine. The organic layer wasdried, filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by flash column chromatography over silica gelusing heptane and ethyl acetate as eluents. The product fractions werecollected and the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 4.37 g of intermediate 6 (69%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=456, RT=1.602 min

Preparation of Intermediate 7

A mixture of 1,4-dioxane and water (3:1, 26 ml) was degassed by bubblingnitrogen gas through the mixture. Intermediate 6 (4.0 g, 8.77 mmol),(3-hydroxyphenyl)boronic acid (1.57 g, 11.40 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (104 mg, 0.09 mmol),2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (Xphos) (167 mg,0.35 mmol) and potassium phosphate tribasic (9.31 g, 5 eq.) were addedand the mixture was stirred under nitrogen gas at 80° C. for 2 hours.The reaction mixture was cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate and theorganic layer was washed with brine. The organic layer was dried,filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel usingheptane and ethyl acetate as eluents. The product fractions werecollected and the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 3.98 g of intermediate 7 (97%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=470, RT=1.060 min

Preparation of Intermediate 8

Ethyl 4-bromobutanoate (0.8 ml, 5.6 mmol) was added to a suspension ofintermediate 7 (1.75 g, 3.7 mmol) and potassium carbonate (1.0 g, 7.5mmol) in acetonitrile (11 ml). The mixture was reluxed overnight, cooledand ethyl acetate was added. The organic layer was washed with brine,dried, filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by flash column chromatography over silica gelusing heptane and ethyl acetate as eluents. The product fractions werecollected and the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 2.1 g of intermediate 8 (97%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=584, RT=1.986 min

Preparation of Intermediate 9

Intermediate 8 (2.0 g, 3.4 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (42 ml)and 6N hydrochloric acid (12 ml/mmol) was added. The mixture was stirredat 60° C. for 2 hours. After cooling, the resulting solid was filtered,washed with dichloromethane and dried under high vacuum. Intermediate 5was used in the next step without further purification.

Yield: 1.3 g of intermediate 9 (86%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=356, RT=0.515 min

Preparation of Example 2

A solution of intermediate 8 (0.6 g, 1.4 mmol) andN,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.7 ml, 4.2 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide(66 ml) was added slowly over a period of 1 hour using a Marlowperistaltic pump to a solutionO-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) (1.2 g, 3.1 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.6 ml, 9.8mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (33 ml). The reaction mixture was stirredat room temperature for 1 more hour after the addition was completed.The mixture was quenched with 7N ammonia in methanol. The solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved indichloromethane and washed with a saturated sodium bicarbonate solution.The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane. The combinedorganic layers were washed with brine, dried, filtered and the solventwas removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flashcolumn chromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane and methanolas eluents. The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasevaporated.

Yield: 212 mg of example 2 (45%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=338, RT=2.266 min

Example 3

Example 3 is prepared following general scheme 2.

Preparation of Intermediate 10

A mixture of 3-bromo-5-chloro-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (3.0 g, 12.9mmol), tert-butyl 3-aminopropanoate (2.6 g, 14.2 mmol) andN,N-diisopropylethylamine (6.7 ml, 38.7 mmol) in acetonitrile (39 ml)was stirred overnight at 85° C. The reaction mixture was cooled and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved inethyl acetate and washed with water. The organic layer was dried,filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel usingheptane and ethyl acetate as eluents (gradient elution from 0% to 50%ethyl acetate). The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasevaporated.

Yield: 4.0 g of intermediate 10 (91%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=341, RT=0.918 min

Preparation of Intermediate 11

A mixture of intermediate 10 (4.0 g, 11.8 mmol), tert-butoxycarbonylanhydride (3.2 g, 14.1 mmol), triethylamine (2.1 ml, 15.3 mmol) and4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (0.07 g, 0.59 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (35 ml)was refluxed overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled and the solventwas removed under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in ethylacetate and washed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried,filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel usingheptane and ethyl acetate as eluents (gradient elution from 0% to 50%ethyl acetate). The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasevaporated.

Yield: 4.9 g of intermediate 11 (95%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=441, RT=1.863 min

Preparation of Intermediate 12

A mixture of 1,4-dioxane and water (3:1, 7 ml) was degassed by bubblingnitrogen gas through the mixture. Intermediate 11 (1.0 g, 2.3 mmol),(3-hydroxyphenyl)boronic acid (0.4 g, 2.9 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (23 mg, 0.02 mmol),2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (Xphos) (43 mg,0.09 mmol) and potassium phosphate tribasic (2.6 g, 5 eq.) were addedand the mixture was stirred under nitrogen gas at 80° C. for 2 hours.The reaction mixture was cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate and theorganic layer was washed with brine. The organic layer was dried,filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel usingheptane and ethyl acetate as eluents. The product fractions werecollected and the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 1.0 g of intermediate 12 (100%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=455, RT=1.149 min

Preparation of Intermediate 13

Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (857 mg, 4.24 mmol) was added to a mixtureof intermediate 12 (0.9 g, 2.0 mmol), tert-butylN-(2-hydroxyethyl)carbamate (0.6 g, 3.8 mmol)) and triphenylphosphine(1.0 g, 3.8 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (10 mil). The mixture wasstirred at 90° C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified byflash column chromatography over silica gel using hexane and ethylacetate as eluents (gradient elution from 0% to 50% ethyl acetate). Theproduct fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 1.2 g of intermediate 13 (100%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=498 (MW-Boc), RT=2.144 min

Preparation of Intermediate 14

Intermediate 13 (1.2 g, 2.0 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (3ml) and trifluoro acetic acid (3 ml) was added. The mixture was stirredat room temperature for 1 hour. The solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The residue was treated with toluene and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure (3×). Intermediate 20 was used in thenext step without further purification.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=342, RT=0.416 min

Preparation of Example 3

A solution of intermediate 14 (0.6 g, 2.0 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide(140 ml) was added slowly over a period of 3 hours to a solution ofO-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) (2.3 g, 6.1 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (10.6 ml, 60.6mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (60 ml). The reaction mixture was stirredat room temperature for 1 more hour after the addition was completed.The mixture was quenched with an aqueous solution of ammonia (25%) andstirred for 30 minutes. The solvent was removed under reduced pressureand dichloromethane was added. The resulting solid was filtered andwashed with diethyl ether and methanol.

Yield: 150 mg of example 3 (23%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=324, RT=2.285 min

Example 4

Example 4 is prepared following general scheme 1.

Preparation of Intermediate 15

O-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) (576 mg, 1.52 mmol) was added to a mixture of7-oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),-15,18-heptaene (420 mg, 1.27 mmol),3-ethoxy-3-oxo-propanoic acid (170 μl, 1.4 mmol) andN,N-diisopropylethylamine (887 μl, 1.52 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide(4 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour.The crude reaction mixture was poured into ethyl acetate and washed witha saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, water and brine. The organiclayer was dried, filtered and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography oversilica gel using dichloromethane and methanol as eluents. The productfractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 270 mg of intermediate 15 (52%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=410, RT=1.051 min

Preparation of Intermediate 16

Sodium borohydride (150 mg, 3.96 mmol) was added to a suspension ofintermediate 15 (270 mg, 0.66 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (1 ml). Themixture was refluxed for 30 minutes and methanol (1 ml) was carefullyadded. The mixture was refluxed for 1 hour. After the reaction wascompleted, the mixture was quenched with a saturated aqueous ammoniumchloride solution and stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours. Themixture was extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic layer waswashed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried, filtered andthe solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purifiedby flash column chromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane andmethanol as eluents. The product fractions were collected and thesolvent was evaporated.

Yield: 163 mg of intermediate 16 (67%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=368, RT=0.681 min

Preparation of Intermediate 17

In order to increase the purity, intermediate 16 was protected as atert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride which was purified by HPLC. A mixtureof intermediate 16 (163 mg, 0.44 mmol), tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride(100 mg, 0.66 mmol) and triethylamine (122 μl, 0.88 mmol) inN,N-dimethylformamide (1.3 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 30minutes. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washedwith brine (3×). The organic layer was dried, filtered and the solventwas removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by reversedphase HPLC (HPLC method A). The product fractions were collected and thesolvent was evaporated.

Yield: 75 mg of intermediate 17 (35%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=482, RT=1.785 min

Preparation of Example 4

Intermediate 17 (75 mg, 0.15 mmol) was suspended in aceticacid/tetrahydrofuran/water (3:1:1, 0.5 ml) and the mixture was stirredat room temperature for 6 hours. Toluene was added and the solvents wereremoved under reduced pressure.

Yield: 63 mg of example 4 (95%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=368, RT=2,433 min

Example 5

Example 5 is prepared following general scheme 3.

Preparation of Intermediate 18

Intermediate 6 (2.45 g, 6.88 mmol) was dissolved in 4N hydrochloric acidin methanol (21 ml).

The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The resultingsolid was filtered, washed with methanol and dried under high vacuum.Intermediate 18 was used in the next step without further purification.

Yield: 2.12 g of intermediate 18 (94%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=256, RT=0.255 min

Preparation of Intermediate 19

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (1.57 g, 7.08) mmol was addedportionwise at 0° C. and under nitrogen atmosphere to a solution ofintermediate 18 (2.12 g, 6.44 mmol) and triethylamine (3.12 ml, 22.54mmol) in dichloromethane (19 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred for 1hour allowing it to reach room temperature. The crude reaction mixturewas poured into brine and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethylacetate. The organic layer was dried, filtered and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. Intermediate 19 was used in the nextstep without further purification.

Yield: 2.67 g of intermediate 19 (94%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=443, RT=0.979 min

Preparation of Intermediate 20

A mixture of intermediate 19 (2.6 g, 5.89 mmol), tert-butoxycarbonylanhydride (1.35 g, 6.18 mmol), triethylamine (980 μl, 7.07 mmol) and4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (7 mg, 0.06 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (18 ml)was refluxed overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled and the solventwas removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flashcolumn chromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane and methanolas eluents. The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasevaporated.

Yield: 3.06 g of intermediate 20 (96%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=543, RT=1.407 min

Preparation of Intermediate 21

A mixture of intermediate 20 (3.0 g, 5.54 mmol) and cesium carbonate(3.61 g, 11.08 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (17 ml) was stirred atroom temperature for 15 minutes. Iodomethane (520 μl, 8.31 mmol) wasadded and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. Thereaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water andbrine, dried, filtered and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. Intermediate 21 was used in the next step without furtherpurification.

Yield: 3.0 g of intermediate 21 (97%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=555, RT=1.650 min

Preparation of Intermediate 22

Intermediate 21 (3.0 g, 5.4 mmol) and cesium carbonate (3.52 g, 10.80mmol) were suspended in N,N-dimethylformamide (16 ml). Thiophenol (660μl, 6.48 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 2 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane and methanol aseluents. The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasevaporated.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=372, RT=0.667 min

Preparation of Intermediate 23

A mixture of intermediate 22 (2.0 g, 5.4 mmol), tert-butoxycarbonylanhydride (1.77 g, 8.1 mmol) and triethylamine (1.5 ml, 10.8 mmol) intetrahydrofuran (16 ml) was stirred at room temperature overnight. Thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified byflash column chromatography over silica gel using heptane and ethylacetate as eluents. The product fractions were collected and the solventwas evaporated.

Yield: 1.82 g of intermediate 23 (71% over 2 steps)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=472, RT=1.812 min

Preparation of Intermediate 24

Tert-butyl 2-bromoacetate (1.28 ml, 8.67 mmol) was added to a suspensionof 3-bromophenol (1.0 g, 5.78 mmol) and potassium carbonate (1.6 g,11.56 mmol) in acetonitrile (17 ml). The mixture was refluxed for 1hour, cooled and ethyl acetate was added. The organic layer was washedwith brine, dried, filtered and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. Intermediate 24 was used in the next step without furtherpurification.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=309 (MW+Na), RT=1.577 min

Preparation of Intermediate 25

1,4-Dioxane (17 ml) was degassed by bubbling nitrogen gas through it.Intermediate 24 (1.66 g, 5.78 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (1.47 g,5.78 mmol), [1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II)(139 mg, 0.17 mmol) and potassium acetate (1.135 g, 11.56 mmol) wereadded. The suspension was stirred under nitrogen atmosphere at 80° C.for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled, diluted with ethyl acetateand washed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried, filteredand the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by flash column chromatography over silica gel using heptaneand ethyl acetate as eluents. The product fractions were collected andthe solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 1.32 g of intermediate 25 (68% over 2 steps)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=357 (MW+Na), RT=1.806 min

Preparation of Intermediate 26

A mixture of 1,4-dioxane and water (3:1, 7 ml) was degassed by bubblingnitrogen gas through the mixture. Intermediate 22 (1.72 g, 3.66 mmol),intermediate 25 (1.2 g, 4.39 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (46 mg, 0.04 mmol),2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (Xphos) (72 mg,0.15 mmol) and potassium phosphate tribasic (3.88 g, 5 eq.) were addedand the mixture was stirred under nitrogen gas at 80° C. for 2 hours.The reaction mixture was cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate and theorganic layer was washed with brine. The organic layer was dried,filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel usingheptane and ethyl acetate as eluents. The product fractions werecollected and the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 1.78 g of intermediate 26 (81%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=598, RT=2.131 min

Preparation of Intermediate 27

Intermediate 26 (1.78 g, 2.98 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (12ml/mmol) and 6N aqueous hydrochloric acid (12 mV/mmol) was added. Themixture was stirred at 60° C. for 2 hours. The solvent was removed underreduced pressure. Intermediate 27 was used in the next step withoutfurther purification.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=342, RT=0.442 min

Preparation of Example 5

A solution of intermediate 27 (1.125 g, 2.98 mmol) andN,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.56 ml, 8.94 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide(150 ml) was added slowly using a Marlow peristaltic pump over a periodof 1 hour to a solution ofO-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) (2.49 g, 6.56 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (3.64 ml, 20.86mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (75 ml). The reaction mixture was stirredat room temperature for 1 more hour after the addition was completed.The mixture was quenched with an aqueous solution of ammonia (25%). Thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure and dichloromethane wasadded. The organic layer was washed with a saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane. Thecombined organic layers were washed with brine, dried, filtered and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified byflash column chromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane andmethanol as eluents. The product fractions were collected and thesolvent was evaporated.

Yield: 512 mg of example 5 (53%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=324, RT=2.097 min

Example 6

Example 6 is prepared following general scheme 4.

Preparation of Intermediate 28

Benzylbromide (0.53 ml, 4.47 mmol) was added to a suspension ofintermediate 7 (2.0 g, 4.26 mmol) in acetonitrile (13 ml). The mixturewas stirred at 80° C. for 3 hours. Ethyl acetate was added and theorganic layer was washed with brine. The organic layer was dried,filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.Intermediate 28 was used in the next step without further purification.

Yield: 2.4 g of intermediate 28 (100%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=560, RT=2.125 min

Preparation of Intermediate 29

Intermediate 28 (2.4 g, 4.29 mmol) was dissolved in 4N hydrochloric acidin methanol (13 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2hours. Ethyl acetate was added and the organic layer was washed withwater. The organic layer was dried, filtered and the solvent was removedunder reduced pressure. Intermediate 29 was used in the next stepwithout further purification.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=360, RT=0.729 min

Preparation of Intermediate 30

A solution of N,N-diisopropylethylamine (2.31 ml, 13.2 mmol) andintermediate 29 (0.79 mg, 2.2 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (6.6 ml)(+few drop of N,N-dimethylformamide) was added drop wise to a solutionof 1,1′-carbonyl diimidazole (0.61 g, 3.74 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran(6 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and2-benzyloxyethanamine (0.998 g, 6.6 mmol) was added. The mixture wasstirred at room temperature. When the reaction is completed, ethylacetate was added and the organic layer was washed with water. Theorganic layer was dried, filtered and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane and methanol aseluents. The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasevaporated.

Yield: 1.065 g of intermediate 30 (90%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=537, RT=1.035 min

Preparation of Intermediate 31

Intermediate 30 (1 g, 1.86 mmol) was suspended in dichloromethane (5.6ml) and cooled on an ice bath. Boron tribromide (1M solution indichloromethane, 3.72 ml, 3.72 mmol) was added and the reaction mixturewas stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. A mixture of the hydroxyland the bromo derivative was obtained. The reaction mixture was cooledon an ice bath and methanol was added. Dichloromethane was added untilthe product was completely solubilized and the mixture was used withoutfurther purification in the next step.

Preparation of Example 6

Cesium carbonate (3.03 g, 9.30 mmol) was suspended inN,N-dimethylacetamide (120 ml) and heated to 50° C. A solution ofintermediate 31 (780 mg, 1.86 mmol) in dichloromethane was added dropwise over a period of 3 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered andconcentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in ethylacetate and washed with water. The organic layer was dried, filtered andthe solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purifiedby reversed phase HPLC (HPLC method A). The product fractions werecollected and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure whilecooling.

Yield: 7 mg of example 5 (1%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=339, RT=1.528 min

Example 7

Example 7 is prepared following general scheme 3.

Preparation of Intermediate 32

Tert-butoxycarbonyl anhydride (2.82 g, 12.90 mmol) was added to amixture of intermediate 6 (2.3 g, 6.45 mmol), triethylamine (1.63 ml,16.13 mmol) and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (16 mg, 0.13 mmol) intetrahydrofuran (19 ml). The mixture was refluxed for 3 hours. Thereaction mixture was cooled and ethyl acetate was added. The organiclayer was washed with water and brine, dried, filtered and the solventwas removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flashcolumn chromatography over silica gel using heptane and ethyl acetate aseluents. The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasevaporated.

Yield: 1.65 g of intermediate 32 (46%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=556-558, RT=2.094 min

Preparation of Intermediate 33

A mixture of 3-bromophenol (5.26 g, 30.4 mmol), 3-bromopropan-1-ol (6.60ml, 67 mmol) and potassium carbonate (14.71 g, 106.4 mmol) inacetonitrile (91 ml) was reluxed overnight. The reaction mixture wascooled and ethyl acetate was added. The organic layer was washed withbrine, dried, filtered and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. Intermediate 33 was used in the next step without furtherpurification.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=231-233, RT=0.967 min

Preparation of Intermediate 34

To a solution of intermediate 33 (7.02 g, 30.4 mmol) in acetone (91 ml)was added a mixture of water and sulfuric acid (14.9 ml; 2:1) at 0° C.and the mixture was stirred for several minutes. Then chromium (VI)oxide (12.16 ml, 121.60 mmol) was added drop wise and the mixture wasstirred at 0° C. for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was quenched with2-propanol (5 ml) and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=no ionization, RT=0.208 min

Preparation of Intermediate 35

To a stirred solution of intermediate 34 (7.45 g, 30.4 mmol) in ethanolwas added drop wise at 0° C. a solution of sulfuric acid (1.62 ml, 30.4mmol) in ethanol. The mixture was refluxed overnight. The reactionmixture was cooled, concentrated and ethyl acetate was added. Theorganic layer was washed with sodium bicarbonate, dried, filtered andthe solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Intermediate 35 was usedin the next step without further purification.

Yield: 8.28 g of intermediate 35 (100%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=273-275, RT=1.362 min

Preparation of Intermediate 36

1,4-Dioxane (44 ml) was degassed by bubbling nitrogen gas through it.Intermediate 35 (4.0 g, 14.65 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (4.46 g,17.58 mmol), [1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II)(122 mg, 0.15 mmol) and potassium acetate (4.31 g, 43.95 mmol) wereadded. The suspension was stirred under nitrogen atmosphere at 80° C.for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled, diluted with ethyl acetateand washed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried, filteredand the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by flash column chromatography over silica gel using heptaneand ethyl acetate as eluents. The product fractions were collected andthe solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 3.03 g of intermediate 36 (65%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=321, RT=1.591 min

Preparation of Intermediate 37

A mixture of 1,4-dioxane and water (3:1, 7 ml) was degassed by bubblingnitrogen gas through the mixture. Intermediate 32 (1.55 g, 2.79 mmol),intermediate 36 (1.16 g, 3.63 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (35 mg, 0.03 mmol),2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (Xphos) (52 mg,0.11 mmol) and potassium phosphate tribasic (2.95 g, 5 eq.) were addedand the mixture was stirred under nitrogen gas at 80° C. overnight. Thereaction mixture was cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate and the organiclayer was washed with brine. The organic layer was dried, filtered andthe solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purifiedby flash column chromatography over silica gel using heptane and ethylacetate as eluents. The product fractions were collected and the solventwas evaporated.

Yield: 1.78 g of intermediate 37 (95%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=670, RT=2.247 min

Preparation of Intermediate 38

Intermediate 37 (1.78 g, 2.66 mmol) was dissolved in acetonitrile (8 ml)and 6N aqueous hydrochloric acid (12 ml/mmol) was added. The mixture wasstirred at 60° C. for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reducedpressure. Intermediate 38 was used in the next step without furtherpurification.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=342, RT=0.470 min

Preparation of Example 7

A solution of intermediate 38 (1.005 g, 2.66 mmol) andN,N-diisopropylethylamine (2.0 ml, 7.98 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide(167 ml) was added slowly using a Marlow peristaltic pump over a periodof 1 hour to a solution ofO-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) (2.22 g, 5.85 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (3.25 ml, 18.62mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (83 ml). The reaction mixture was stirredat room temperature for 1 more hour after the addition was completed.The mixture was quenched with an aqueous solution of ammonia (25%). Thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure and ethyl acetate was added.The organic layer was washed with a saturated sodium bicarbonatesolution and brine. The organic layer was dried, filtered and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified byflash column chromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane andmethanol as eluents. The product fractions were collected and thesolvent was evaporated.

Yield: 120 mg of example 7 (14% over 2 steps)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=339, RT=2.275 min

Example 8

Example 8 is prepared following general scheme 4.

Preparation of Intermediate 39

Triethylamine (1.78 ml, 12.87 mmol) and 3-chloropropane-1-sulfonylchloride (0.79 ml, 6.44 mmol) were added to a solution of intermediate38 (1.7 g, 4.29 mmol) in dichloromethane (13 ml). The reaction mixturewas stirred at room temperature overnight. More3-chloropropane-1-sulfonyl chloride (0.26 ml, 2.14 mmol) was added andthe reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature until completion.The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and ethyl acetate wasadded. The organic layer was washed with water, dried, filtered and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified byflash column chromatography over silica gel using hexane andethylacetate as eluents. The product fractions were collected and thesolvent was evaporated.

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=500, RT=1.003 min

Preparation of Intermediate 40

Intermediate 39 (2.145 g, 4.29 mmol), tert-butoxycarbonyl anhydride(2.06 g, 9.44 mmol), triethylamine (1.78 ml, 12.87 mmol) and4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (53 mg, 0.43 mmol) were dissolved intetrahydrofuran (13 ml). The mixture was refluxed in a sealed tube for 6hours. The reaction mixture was cooled, the solvent was removed underreduced pressure and ethyl acetate was added. The organic layer waswashed with water and brine, dried, filtered and the solvent was removedunder reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel using heptane and ethyl acetate aseluents. The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasevaporated.

Yield: 1.27 g of intermediate 40 (42% over 2 steps)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=700, RT=2.252 min

Preparation of Intermediate 41

Intermediate 40 (0.720 g, 1.03 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran(10 ml) and Pd/C (0.1 g) was added. The mixture was stirred at roomtemperature under hydrogen atmosphere for 20 hours. More Pd/C (0.1 g)and methanol (5 ml) were added and the mixture was stirred at roomtemperature under hydrogen atmosphere for 66 hours. The reaction mixturewas filtered over celite and the residue was washed with dichloromethaneand methanol. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and theresidue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel usingdichloromethane and methanol as eluents. The product fractions werecollected and the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 100 mg of intermediate 41 (16%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=610, RT=1.034 min

Preparation of Example 8

Intermediate 41 (0.21 g, 0.34 mmol) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (15 ml) wasadded drop wise to a solution of cesium carbonate (0.55 g, 1.70 mmol),potassium iodide (113 mg, 0.68 mmol) and tetrabutylammonium iodide (11mg, 0.03 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30 ml). The mixture was stirred at90° C. for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure andethyl acetate was added. The organic layer was washed with water andbrine. The organic layer was separated and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography oversilica gel using dichloromethane and methanol as eluents. The productfractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. Anotherpurification was performed using reversed phase HPLC (HPLC method A).The product fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 35 mg of example 8 (28%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=374, RT=2.590 min

Example 9 Preparation of Example 9

Example 9 is prepared following general scheme 1.

7-Oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),-15,18-heptaenehydrochloride (0.15 g, 0.452 mmol), 3-fluoropropanoic acid (50 mg, 0.50mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.269 ml, 1.58 mmol) were dissolvedin N,N-dimethylformamide (1.36 ml).O-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) (0.205 g, 0.54 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reducedpressure and the residue was purified by reversed phase HPLC (HPLCmethod A). The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure.

Yield: 20 mg of example 9 (12%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=370, RT=2.917 min

Preparation of Example 10 Example 10

Example 10 is prepared following general scheme 1.

To a solution of7-oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),-15,18-heptaenehydrochloride (0.15 g, 0.452 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.230ml, 1.35 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (1.35 ml) was addedN,N-dimethylcarbamoyl chloride (57 mg, 0.557 mmol). The reaction mixturewas stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The solvent was removedunder reduced pressure and methanol was added. The mixture was stirredat room temperature for 1 hour, the precipitate was filtered and driedunder reduced pressure.

Yield: 123 mg of example 10 (74%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=367, RT=2.939 min

Example 11 Preparation of Example 11

Example 11 is prepared following general scheme 1.

7-oxa-10,14,18,19,22-pentaazatetracyclo[13.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{18,21}]tricosa-1(21),2(23),3,5,15(22),16,19-heptaenehydrochloride was prepared according to similar synthetic procedures asdescribed to obtain intermediate 7 using tert-butylN-(3-aminopropyl)-N—[2-(tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl)oxyethyl]carbamate forthe coupling to the scaffold and (3-hydroxyphenyl)boronic acid for theSuzuki coupling. The ring closure was effected after TBDMS deprotectionusing Mitsunobu conditions. The unprotected7-oxa-10,14,18,19,22-pentaazatetracyclo[13.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{18,21}]tricosa-1(21),2(23),3,5,15(22),16,19-heptaenehydrochloride was obtained after Boc deprotection under acidicconditions.

Ethyl carbonochloridate (100 μl, 1.01 mmol) was added at 0° C. to asolution of7-oxa-10,14,18,19,22-pentaazatetracyclo[13.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{18,21}]tricosa-1(21),2(23),3,5,15(22),16,19-heptaenehydrochloride (350 mg, 1.01 mmol) and triethylamine (349 μl, 2.52 mmol)in dichloromethane (10 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 1 hour. Water was added and the product was extractedwith ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried,filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by flash chromatography over silica gel usingdichloromethane and methanol as eluents. The product fractions werecollected and the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 212 mg of example 11 (55%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=382, RT=3.414 min

Example 12 Preparation of Example 12

Example 12 is prepared following general scheme 1.

2-Bromoacetamide (80 mg, 0.58 mmol) was added to a suspension of7-oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),-15,18-heptaenehydrochloride (175 mg, 0.527 mmol) and potassium bicarbonate (158 mg,1.58 mmol) in acetonitrile (1.58 ml). The suspension was stirred underreflux for 2 hours. 2-Bromoacetamide (65 mg, 0.474 mmol) and potassiumbicarbonate (32 mg, 0.316 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirredunder reflux for 6 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressureand the crude was stirred in methanol/H2O (1:1). The precipitate wasfiltered, washed with methanol and ether and recrystallized from hotmethanol/dichloromethane (4:1). The product was taken up indichloromethane/methanol (4:1, 225 ml) and 4N HCl in 1,4-dioxane (15 μl,0.4 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 1 hour. The solvent was removed under reduced pressureand the compound was triturated with diethyl ether, filtered and driedunder vacuum.

Yield: 146 mg of example 12 (71%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=353, RT=1.889 min

Example 13 Preparation of Example 13

Example 13 is prepared following general scheme 1.

Methanesulfonyl chloride (45 μl, 0.58 mmol) was added to a solution of7-oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),-15,18-heptaene hydrochloride (175 mg, 0.527 mmol)and diisopropylethylamine (269 μl, 1.58 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide(1.58 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours.Methanesulfonyl chloride (12 μl, 0.16 mmol) was added and stirred atroom temperature overnight. The solvent was removed under reducedpressure. Methanol was added. The precipitate was filtered and driedunder reduced pressure.

Yield: 155 mg of example 13 (79%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=374, RT=3.011 min

Example 14 Preparation of Example 14

Example 14 is prepared following general scheme 1.

7-[(2-nitrobenzene)sulfonyl]-7,10,13,17,18,21-hexaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),15,18-heptaenewas prepared according to similar synthetic procedures as described toobtain intermediate 7 using intermediate 4 for the coupling to thescaffold and ((3-aminophenyl)boronic acid for the Suzuki coupling. Afterthe Suzuki coupling the anilinic NH was protected with nosyl chlorideunder classic conditions. The ring closure was effected after TBDMSdeprotection using Mitsunobu conditions. The Boc-unprotected7-[(2-nitrobenzene)sulfonyl]-7,10,13,17,18,21-hexaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),15,18-heptaene was obtained after Boc deprotection under acidicconditions.

Preparation of Intermediate 42

7-[(2-nitrobenzene)sulfonyl]-7,10,13,17,18,21-hexaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),15,18-heptaenehydrochloride (495 mg, 0.96 mmol) and triethylamine (334 μl, 2.40 mmol)were stirred in dry tetrahydrofuran (2.88 ml). Propanoyl chloride (90μl, 1.06 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 1 hour. Another amount of propanoyl chloride (9 μl, 0.106 mmol) wasadded and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 more hour.The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the precipitate wastriturated in methanol.

The solid was filtered, washed with diethyl ether and dried undervacuum.

Yield: 417 mg of intermediate 42 (81%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=536, RT=0.877 min

Preparation of Example 14

To a solution of intermediate 42 (417 mg, 0.78 mmol) inN,N-dimethylformamide (2.34 ml) were added cesium carbonate (508 mg,1.56 mmol) and thiophenol (100 μl, 0.94 mmol). The mixture was stirredat room temperature for 4 hours. Ethyl acetate was added and the organiclayer was washed with water, dried, filtered and the solvent was removedunder reduce pressure. The product was purified by flash chromatographyover silica gel using dichloromethane and methanol as eluents. Theproduct fractions were collected and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure.

Yield: 197 mg of example 14 (72%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=351, RT=2.700 min

Example 15 Preparation of Example 15

Example 15 is prepared following general scheme 1.

Preparation of Intermediate 43

7-[(2-nitrobenzene)sulfonyl]-7,10,13,17,18,21-hexaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),15,18-heptaene hydrochloride (600 mg, 1.13 mmol),3-methoxypropanoic acid (120 μl, 1.24 mmol) andN,N-diisopropylethylamine (494 μl, 2.83 mmol) were dissolved inN,N-dimethylformamide (5 ml).O-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) (516 mg, 1.36 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 1 hour. Diethyl ether was added and the organic layerwas washed with a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, waterand brine. The organic layer was dried, filtered and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The product was purified by flashchromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane and methanol aseluents. The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure.

Yield: 558 mg of intermediate 43 (85%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=580, RT=0.858 min

Preparation of Example 15

Example 15 is prepared following general scheme 1.

Cesium carbonate (626 mg, 1.92 mmol) and thiophenol (120 μl, 1.15 mmol)were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (5 ml) and the mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. A solution of intermediate43 (558 mg, 0.96 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (5 ml) was added. Themixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Ethyl acetate wasadded and the organic layer was washed with a 1M aqueous sodiumhydroxide solution and water. The organic layer was dried, filtered andthe solvent was removed under reduce pressure. The product was purifiedby flash chromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane andmethanol as eluents. The product fractions were collected and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure.

Yield: 258 mg of example 15 (68%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=395, RT=1.910 min

Example 16 Preparation of Example 16

Example 16 is prepared following general scheme 1.

A mixture of example 15 (220 mg, 0.56 mmol), formaldehyde (70 mg, 0.84mmol) and glacial acetic acid (32 μl, 0.56 mmol) was stirred at roomtemperature for 30 minutes. Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (237 mg, 1.12mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1hour. Ethyl acetate was added and the organic layer was washed with asaturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution, water and brine. Theorganic layer was dried, filtered and the solvent was removed underreduce pressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatographyover silica gel using dichloromethane and methanol as eluents. Theproduct fractions were collected and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure.

Yield: 176 mg of example 16 (77%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=409, RT=2.224 min

Example 17 Preparation of Example 17

Example 17 is prepared following general scheme 1.

A mixture of7-oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),-15,18-heptaenehydrochloride (300 mg, 0.904 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (616 μl,3.62 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (2.5 ml) and N,N-dimethylformamide (2.5ml) was added drop wise to a solution of di(imidazol-1-yl)methanone (220mg, 1.356 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (1.5 ml). The mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 2 hours. 1-(2-Fluoroethyl)piperazine hydrochloride(229 mg, 1.36 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at80° C. for 63 hours and at 110° C. for 24 hours.Di(imidazol-1-yl)methanone (150 mg, 0.904 mmol) was added and themixture was stirred at 110° C. for 18 hours. The solvent was removedunder reduced pressure and the residue was purified by reversed phaseHPLC (HPLC method A). The product fractions were collected and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. The product was taken up indichloromethane/methanol (4:1, 520 μl) and 4N HCl in 1,4-dioxane (48 μl,0.191 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressureand the compound was triturated with diethyl ether, filtered and driedunder vacuum.

Yield: 84 mg of example 17 (19%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=454, RT=2.032 min

Example 18 Preparation of Example 18

Example 18 is prepared following general scheme 1.

7-Oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),-15,18-heptaenehydrochloride (175 mg, 0.527 mmol), 3-methoxypropanoic acid (54 mg, 0.58mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (313 μl, 1.84 mmol) were dissolvedin N,N-dimethylformamide (2.10 ml).O-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) (239 mg, 0.63 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressureand methanol was added. The precipitate was filtered and dried underreduced pressure.

Yield: 167 mg of example 18 (83%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=382, RT=2.813 min

Example 19 Preparation of Example 19

Example 19 is prepared following general scheme 1.

7-Oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),-15,18-heptaenehydrochloride (175 mg, 0.527 mmol), 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid (64 mg,0.58 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (313 μl, 1.84 mmol) weredissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (2.10 ml).O-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) (239 mg, 0.63 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into ethylacetate and the organic layer was washed with a saturated aqueous sodiumbicarbonate solution, water and brine. The organic layer was dried,filtered and the solvent was removed under reduce pressure. Methanol wasadded and the precipitate was filtered. The residue was purified byreversed phase HPLC (HPLC method A). The product fractions werecollected and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.

Yield: 64 mg of example 19 (31%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=389, RT=3.208 min

Example 20 Preparation of Example 20

Example 20 is prepared following general scheme 1.

7-Oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),-15,18-heptaenehydrochloride (128 mg, 0.386 mmol), oxazole-4-carboxylic acid (48 mg,0.425 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (230 μl, 1.35 mmol) weredissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (1.16 ml).O-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) (174 mg, 0.46 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressureand methanol was added. The precipitate was filtered and dried underreduced pressure.

Yield: 125 mg of example 20 (83%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=391, RT=2.988 min

Example 21 Preparation of Example 21

Example 21 is prepared following general scheme 1.

Cyclopropanesulfonyl chloride (81 mg, 0.58 mmol) was added to a solutionof7-oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),-15,18-heptaene hydrochloride (175 mg, 0.527 mmol)and diisopropylethylamine (269 μl, 1.58 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide(1.58 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours.Cyclopropanesulfonyl chloride (22 mg, 0.16 mmol) was added and stirredat room temperature for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reducedpressure. Methanol was added. The precipitate was filtered and driedunder reduced pressure.

Yield: 125 mg of example 21 (59%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=400, RT=3.288 min

Example 22 Preparation of Example 22

Example 22 is prepared following general scheme 1.

Preparation of Intermediate 44

7-[(2-nitrobenzene)sulfonyl]-7,10,13,17,18,21-hexaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),15,18-heptaenehydrochloride (315 mg, 0.61 mmol) and triethylamine (211 μl, 1.52 mmol)were stirred in dry tetrahydrofuran (5.00 ml) for 5 minutes.Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (60 μl, 0.67 mmol) was added and themixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The product was purified by flashchromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane and methanol aseluents. The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure.

Yield: 190 mg of intermediate 44 (57%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=548, RT=0.921 min

Preparation of Example 22

Thiophenol (40 μl, 0.42 mmol) and cesium carbonate (228 mg, 0.70 mmol)were suspended in N,N-dimethylformamide (0.5 ml) and stirred at roomtemperature for 15 minutes. A solution of intermediate 43 (190 mg, 0.35mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (0.5 ml) was added and the mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 3 hours. Ethyl acetate was added and theorganic layer was washed with brine, dried, filtered and the solvent wasremoved under reduce pressure. The product was purified by flashchromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane and methanol aseluents. The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure.

Yield: 82 mg of example 22 (65%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=363, RT=2.740 min

Example 23 Preparation of Example 23

Example 23 is prepared following general scheme 1.

7-Oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),-15,18-heptaenehydrochloride (150 mg, 0.452 mmol), 2-morpholinoacetic acidhydrochloride (90 mg, 0.497 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (384 μl,2.26 mmol) were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (1.80 ml).O-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) (205 mg, 0.54 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressureand methanol was added. The precipitate was filtered and dried underreduced pressure. The product was taken up in dichloromethane/methanol(4:1, 100 ml) and 4N HCl in 1,4-dioxane (90 μl, 0.36 mmol) was added.The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 90 minutes. Thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure and the compound wastriturated with diethyl ether, filtered and dried under reducedpressure.

Yield: 155 mg of example 23 (75%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=423, RT=1.942 min

Example 24 Preparation of Example 24

Example 24 is prepared following general scheme 1.

Preparation of Intermediate 45

7-Oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),-15,18-heptaenehydrochloride (125 mg, 0.377 mmol),2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(methyl)amino)acetic acid (79 mg, 0.415 mmol) andN,N-diisopropylethylamine (224 μl, 1.32 mmol) were dissolved inN,N-dimethylformamide (1.13 ml).O-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) (171 mg, 0.45 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure,methanol was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1hour. The precipitate was filtered and recrystallized from hotmethanol/dichloromethane (4:1).

Yield: 122 mg of intermediate 45 (69%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=427, RT=3.412 min

Preparation of Example 24

Intermediate 44 (119 mg, 0.255 mmol) was stirred in 4N HCl in1,4-dioxane (1.02 ml, 0.255 mmol) for 3 hours. The solvent was removedunder reduced pressure and the compound was triturated with diethylether, filtered and dried under vacuum.

Yield: 101 mg of example 24 (98%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=367, RT=1.875 min

Example 25 Preparation of Example 25

Example 25 is prepared following general scheme 1.

Urea (29 mg, 0.490 mmol) was added to a solution of7-oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),-15,18-heptaene hydrochloride (125 mg, 0.377 mmol)and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (74 μl, 0.57 mmol) inN,N-dimethylacetamide (1.13 ml). The mixture was stirred at 110° C. for18 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, methanol wasadded and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Theprecipitate was filtered and recrystallized from hotmethanol/dichloromethane (4:1).

Yield: 98 mg of example 25 (77%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=339, RT=2.412 min

Example 26 Preparation of Example 26

Example 26 is prepared following general scheme 1.

7-Oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),-15,18-heptaenehydrochloride (150 mg, 0.452 mmol), 2-morpholinoacetic acidhydrochloride (90 mg, 0.497 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (384 μl,2.26 mmol) were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (1.80 ml).O-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) (205 mg, 0.54 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressureand methanol was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for1 hour. The precipitate was filtered and dried under reduced pressure.The product was taken up in dichloromethane/methanol (4:1, 200 ml) and4N HCl in 1,4-dioxane (84 μl, 0.368 mmol) was added. The reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure and the compound was triturated withdiethyl ether, filtered and dried under reduced pressure.

Yield: 142 mg of example 26 (67%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=436, RT=1.930 min

Example 27 Preparation of Example 27

Example 27 is prepared following general scheme 1.

7-Oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),-15,18-heptaenehydrochloride (125 mg, 0.377 mmol), 3-pyrrolidin-1-ylpropanoic acidhydrochloride (75 mg, 0.415 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (321 μl,1.89 mmol) were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (1.50 ml).O-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) (171 mg, 0.45 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressureand methanol was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for1 hour. The precipitate was filtered and dried under reduced pressure.The product was taken up in dichloromethane/methanol (4:1, 200 ml) and4N HCl in 1,4-dioxane (65 μl, 0.259 mmol) was added. The reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure and the compound was triturated withdiethyl ether, filtered and dried under reduced pressure.

Yield: 91 mg of example 27 (53%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=421, RT=2.050 min

Example 28 Preparation of Example 28

Example 28 is prepared following general scheme 1.

7-Oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),-15,18-heptaenehydrochloride (100 mg, 0.301 mmol), 3-dimethylaminopropanoic acidhydrochloride (51 mg, 0.331 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (255 μl,1.50 mmol) were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (1.20 ml).O-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) (137 mg, 0.36 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressureand methanol was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for1 hour. The precipitate was filtered and recrystallized from hotmethanol/dichloromethane (4:1). The compound was purified by reversedphase HPLC (HPLC method A). The product fractions were collected and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. The product was taken up indichloromethane/methanol (4:1, 40 ml) and 4N HCl in 1,4-dioxane (69 μl,0.276 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressureand the compound was triturated with diethyl ether, filtered and driedunder reduced pressure.

Yield: 102 mg of example 28 (79%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=395, RT=1.977 min

Preparation of Example 29

Example 29 is prepared following general scheme 1.

7-oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20)}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),15,18-heptaene-5-carbonitrilewas prepared according to similar synthetic procedures as described toobtain intermediate 7 using intermediate 4 for the coupling to thescaffold and2-hydroxy-4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzonitrilefor the Suzuki coupling. The ring closure was effected after TBDMSdeprotection using Mitsunobu conditions.

The Boc-unprotected7-oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),15,18-heptaene-5-carbonitrile was obtained afterBoc deprotection under acidic conditions.

7-oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),15,18-heptaene-5-carbonitrilehydrochloride (580 mg, 1.63 mmol) and triethylamine (498 μl, 3.59 mmol)were stirred in dry tetrahydrofuran (4.89 ml) for 5 minutes.Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (160 μl, 1.79 mmol) was added and themixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The product was purified by flashchromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane and methanol aseluents. The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure.

Yield: 220 mg of example 29 (35%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=389, RT=3.056 min

Example 30 Preparation of Example 30

Example 30 is prepared following general scheme 1.

Preparation of Intermediate 46

4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)butanoic acid (12.0 g, 59.04 mmol) and3-benzyloxypropan-1-amine (11.91 g, 59.04 mmol) were dissolved indichloromethane (360 ml). N,N-diisopropylethylamine (27.47 ml, 212.54mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2minutes. O-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (HBTU) (26.87 g, 70.85 mmol) was added and themixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. A saturated aqueoussodium bicarbonate solution was added and the two layers were separated.The organic layer was washed with water, dried, filtered and the solventwas removed under reduced pressure. The product was purified by flashchromatography over silica gel. The product fractions were collected andthe solvent was removed under reduced pressure.

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=351, RT=2.930 min

Preparation of Intermediate 47

Intermediate 46 (4.0 g, 11.41 mmol) was dissolved in 4N HCl in MeOH (34ml) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour.The reaction mixture was concentrated and washed with toluene. Theprecipitate was washed with diethyl ether and dried under reducedpressure.

Yield: 3.2 g of intermediate 47 (98%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=251, RT=0.241 min

Preparation of Intermediate 48

A mixture of 3-bromo-5-chloro-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (2.00 g, 8.60mmol), intermediate 47 (2.37 g, 9.46 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine(5.85 ml, 34.4 mmol) in acetonitrile (25.8 ml) was stirred under refluxovernight. Another amount of intermediate 46 (646 mg, 2.58 mmol) wasadded and the mixture was stirred under reflux for 3 more hours. Thereaction mixture was cooled and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed withwater and brine. The organic layer was dried, filtered and the solventwas removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flashcolumn chromatography over silica gel using heptane and ethyl acetate aseluents (gradient elution from 20% to 100% ethyl acetate). The productfractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 2.3 g of intermediate 48 (60%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=446, RT=0.825 min

Preparation of Intermediate 49

Tert-butoxycarbonyl anhydride (1.18 g, 5.41 mmol) was added to a mixtureof intermediate 48 (2.3 g, 5.15 mmol), triethylamine (786 μl, 5.67 mmol)and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (32 mg, 0.26 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (15ml). The mixture was refluxed overnight. The reaction mixture was cooledand the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Ethyl acetate wasadded and the organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried;filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel usingheptane and ethyl acetate as eluents (gradient elution from 0% to 33%ethyl acetate). The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasevaporated.

Yield: 2.43 g of intermediate 49 (86%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=447 (-Boc), RT=1.117 min

Preparation of Intermediate 50

A mixture of 1,4-dioxane and water (3:1, 13.35 ml) was degassed bybubbling nitrogen gas through the mixture. Intermediate 49 (2.43 g, 4.45mmol), (3-hydroxyphenyl)boronic acid (0.64 g, 4.67 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (104 mg, 0.09 mmol),2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (Xphos) (172 mg,0.36 mmol) and potassium phosphate tribasic (4.717 g, 5 eq.) were addedand the mixture was stirred under nitrogen gas at 80° C. for 18 hours.The reaction mixture was cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate and theorganic layer was washed with water. The organic layer was dried,filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel usingheptane and ethyl acetate as eluents (gradient elution from 0% to 50%ethyl acetate). The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasevaporated.

Yield: 1.91 g of intermediate 50 (77%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=560, RT=1.141 min

Preparation of Intermediate 51

Intermediate 50 (1.91 g, 3.41 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (65 ml)and palladium (36 mg, 0.34 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred atroom temperature under hydrogen atmosphere for 24 hours. The reactionmixture was filtered over celite and the residue was washed withmethanol. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residuewas purified by column chromatography over silica gel using heptane andethyl acetate as eluents (gradient elution from 0% to 100% ethylacetate). The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasevaporated.

Yield: 641 mg of intermediate 51 (40%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=470, RT=0.803 min

Preparation of Intermediate 52

A solution of intermediate 51 (441 mg, 0.94 mmol) in2-methyltetrahydrofuran (20 ml/mmol) and a solution of diisopropylazodicarboxylate (560 μl, 2.82 mmol) in toluene (20 ml/mmol) were addedsimultaneously over a period of 3 hours to a solution oftriphenylphosphine (740 mg, 2.82 mmol) in toluene (75 ml/mmol ofintermediate 50) at 90° C. The mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 30minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled and the solvent was removedunder reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel using heptane and ethyl acetate aseluents (gradient elution from 20% to 80% ethyl acetate). The productfractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 240 mg of intermediate 52 (57%)

Preparation of Example 30

Intermediate 52 (240 mg, 0.53 mmol) was dissolved in 4N HCl in MeOH(1.59 ml) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated and diethyl ether wasadded. The precipitate was filtered and dried under reduced pressure.

Yield: 182 mg of example 30 (98%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=352, RT=2.612 min

Example 31 Preparation of Example 31

Example 31 is prepared following general scheme 2.

Preparation of Intermediate 53

Intermediate 7 (1.62 g, 3.45 mmol), methyl 2-bromoacetate (490 mg, 5.17mmol) and potassium carbonate (954 mg, 6.90 mmol) were dissolvedN,N-dimethylformamide (10.35 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at80° C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled, water was added andthe product was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer wasdried, filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by flash column chromatography over silica gelusing heptane and ethyl acetate as eluents (gradient elution from 0% to33% ethyl acetate). The product fractions were collected and the solventwas evaporated.

Yield: 1.317 g of intermediate 53 (70%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=442 (-Boc), RT=1.166 min

Preparation of Intermediate 54

Intermediate 53 (1.317 g, 2.43 mmol) was dissolved in 4N HCl in1,4-dioxane (7.29 ml) and the reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated and diethylether was added. The precipitate was filtered and dried under reducedpressure. The carboxylic acid was obtained.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=328 (carboxylic acid)

Preparation of Intermediate 55

Acetone (260 μl, 3.52 mmol) was added to a solution of intermediate 54(1.00, 2.93 mmol) and triethylamine (812 μl, 5.86 mmol) in1,2-dichloroethane:methanol (1:1, 8.79 ml). The mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 2 hours. Sodium borohydride (812 mg, 5.86 mmol) wasadded portion wise and the reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 30 minutes. Water was added and the compound wasextracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was dried, filteredand the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by flash column chromatography over silica gel using heptaneand ethyl acetate as eluents (gradient elution from 20% to 100% ethylacetate). The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasevaporated.

Yield: 127 mg of intermediate 55 (11%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=370, RT=0.402 min

Preparation of Example 31

A suspension of intermediate 55 (127 mg, 0.34 mmol) inN,N-dimethylformamide (12 ml) was added drop wise to a solution ofO-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) (390 mg, 1.02 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (347 Ipl, 2.04mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (24 ml). The reaction mixture was stirredat room temperature for 1 hour. The solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography oversilica gel using heptane and ethyl acetate as eluents (gradient elutionfrom 0% to 50% ethyl acetate). The product fractions were collected andthe solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 31 mg of example 31 (26%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=353, RT=2.507 min

Example 32 Preparation of Example 32

Example 32 is prepared following general scheme 1.

8,11,14,18,19,22-hexaazatetracyclo[13.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{18,21}]tricosa-1(21),2,4,6(23),15(22),16,19-heptaen-7-onewas prepared according to similar synthetic procedures as described toobtain intermediate 7 using tert-butylN-[2-(2-aminoethyl(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)ethyl]carbamate for thecoupling to the scaffold and 3-boronobenzoic acid for the Suzukicoupling. The ring closure was effected after Boc deprotection usingHBTU conditions.

8,11,14,18,19,22-hexaazatetracyclo[13.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{18,21}]tricosa-1(21),2,4,6(23),15(22),16,19-heptaen-7-one(120 mg, 0.372 mmol) and triethylamine (63 μl, 0.45 mmol) were stirredin dry tetrahydrofuran (1.12 ml) for 5 minutes. Cyclopropanecarbonylchloride (40 μl, 0.41 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 1 hour. The solvent was removed under reducedpressure and methanol was added. The precipitate was filtered, washedwith diethyl ether and dried under reduced pressure.

Yield: 102 mg of example 32 (70%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=391, RT=2.410 min

Example 33 Preparation of Example 33

Example 33 is prepared following general scheme 2.

Preparation of Intermediate 56

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (1.124 g, 5.073 mmol) was added portionwise at 0° C. and under nitrogen atmosphere to a solution ofintermediate 54 (1.277 g, 3.382 mmol) and triethylamine (1.646 ml, 11.84mmol) in dichloromethane (10.15 ml). The reaction mixture was stirredfor 1 hour allowing it to reach room temperature. Ethyl acetate wasadded and the organic layer was washed with water and brine. The organiclayer was dried, filtered and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography oversilica gel using dichloromethane and methanol as eluents (gradientelution from 0% to 20% methanol). The product fractions were collectedand the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 1.568 g of intermediate 56 (88%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=527, RT=0.837 min

Preparation of Intermediate 57

To a solution of intermediate 56 (1.468 g, 2.788 mmol),2-dimethylaminoethanol (838 μl, 8.364 mmol) and triphenylphosphine(1.828 g, 6.97 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (8.36 ml) andN,N-dimethylformamide (3 ml) was added diisopropyl azodicarboxylate(1,382 ml, 6.97 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 90 minutes.More 2-dimethylaminoethanol (83.8 μl, 0.836 mmol), diisopropylazodicarboxylate (138.2 μl, 0.697 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (182.8mg, 0.697 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 30minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled and the solvent was removedunder reduced pressure. Ethyl acetate was added and the organic layerwas washed with water, dried, filtered and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane and methanol aseluents (gradient elution from 0% to 10% methanol). The productfractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated. The product waswashed with diethyl ether.

Yield: 1.078 g of intermediate 57 (65%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=598, RT=0.283 min

Preparation of Intermediate 58

To a solution of intermediate 57 (1.028 g, 1.72 mmol) inN,N-dimethylformamide (5.16 ml) were added cesium carbonate (1.121 g,3.44 mmol) and thiophenol (211 μl, 2.064 mmol). The mixture was stirredat room temperature for 2 hours. Sodium hydroxide (206 mg, 5.16 mmol)and water (0.86 ml) were added and the mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 17 hours. The solvent was removed under reduce pressure.The product was purified by flash chromatography over silica gel usingdichloromethane and methanol as eluents. The product fractions werecollected and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by reversed phase HPLC (HPLC method A). The productfractions were collected and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure.

Yield: 632 mg of intermediate 58 (92%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=399, RT=1.410 min

Preparation of Example 33

A solution of intermediate 58 (583 mg, 1.461 mmol) inN,N-dimethylformamide (44 ml) was added drop wise to a solution ofO-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) (1.66 g, 4.38 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.491 ml, 8.77mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (102 ml). The mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressureand methanol was added. The precipitate was filtered and dried underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by reversed phase HPLC (HPLCmethod A). The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The product (120 mg, 0.315 mmol) wastaken up in dichloromethane/methanol (4:1, 50 ml) and 4N HCl in1,4-dioxane (90 μl, 0.35 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The solvent was removed underreduced pressure and the compound was triturated with diethyl ether,filtered and dried under reduced pressure.

Yield: 122 mg of example 33 (77%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=381, RT=1.603 min

Example 34 Preparation of Example 34

Example 34 is prepared following general scheme 4.

Preparation of Intermediate 59

A mixture of 1,4-dioxane and water (3:1, 20 ml) was degassed by bubblingnitrogen gas through the mixture. Intermediate 21 (1.38 g, 2.48 mmol),(3-hydroxyphenyl)boronic acid (440 mg, 3.22 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (58 mg, 0.05 mmol),2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (Xphos) (95 mg,0.20 mmol) and potassium phosphate tribasic (2.63 g, 5 eq.) were addedand the mixture was stirred under nitrogen gas at 80° C. overnight. Thereaction mixture was cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate and the organiclayer was washed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried,filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel usingheptane and ethyl acetate as eluents. The product fractions werecollected and the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 1.21 g of intermediate 59 (86%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=569, RT=1.046 min

Preparation of Intermediate 60

Tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (390 mg, 2.56 mmol) was added to asuspension of intermediate 59 (1.21 g, 2.13 mmol) and triethylamine (442μl, 3.19 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (20 ml). The mixture was stirredat room temperature for 48 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted withethyl acetate and washed with water and brine (3×). The organic layerwas dried, filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.The residue was purified by flash column chromatography using heptaneand ethyl acetate as eluents. The product fractions were collected andthe solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 1.10 g of intermediate 60 (76%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=583 (-Boc), RT=1.527 min

Preparation of Intermediate 61

Cesium carbonate (1.049 g, 3.22 mmol) and thiophenol (200 μl, 1.93 mmol)were suspended in N,N-dimethylformamide (2.42 ml) and the mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. A solution of intermediate60 (1.10 g, 1.61 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (2.42 ml) was added andthe reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. Ethylacetate was added and the organic layer was washed with 1M aqueoussodium hydroxide solution, dried, filtered and the solvent was removedunder reduce pressure. The product was purified by flash chromatographyover silica gel using dichloromethane and methanol as eluents. Theproduct fractions were collected and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure.

Yield: 310 mg of intermediate 61 (39%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=498, RT=1.038 min

Preparation of Intermediate 62

3-Chloropropane-1-sulfonyl chloride (80 μl, 0.68 mmol) was added to asolution of intermediate 61 (310 mg, 0.62 mmol) and triethylamine (112μl, 0.81 mmol) in dichloromethane (2 ml) and the reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Water was added and the productwas extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed withbrine, dried, filtered and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The residue was used in the next step without furtherpurification.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=639, RT=1.523 min

Preparation of Intermediate 63

Tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride (1M solution in tetrahydrofuran, 1 ml, 0.93mmol) was added to a solution of intermediate 62 (396 mg, 0.62 mmol) intetrahydrofuran (1.86 ml) and the mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure.The residue was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water (3×)and brine. The organic layer was dried, filtered and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The residue was used in the next stepwithout further purification.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=525, RT=1.022 min

Preparation of Intermediate 64

A solution of intermediate 63 (325 mg, 0.62 mmol) inN,N-dimethylformamide (40 ml) was added drop wise to a suspension ofcesium carbonate (1.01 g, 3.10 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (20 ml) at90° C. over a period of 1 hour. The solids were filtered and thefiltrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was dilutedwith ethyl acetate and washed with water and brine (2×). The organiclayer was dried, filtered and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography using heptaneand ethyl acetate as eluents. The product fractions were collected andthe solvent was removed under reduced pressure.

Yield: 122 mg of intermediate 64 (40% over 3 steps)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=488, RT=1.061 min

Preparation of Example 34

Intermediate 64 (120 mg, 0.25 mmol) was dissolved in 2N HCl in methanol(10 ml) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended indichloromethane and 7N ammonia in methanol (0.5 ml) was added. Thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purifiedby flash chromatography using dichloromethane and methanol as eluents.The product fractions were collected and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure. The residue was triturated with diethyl ether and theproduct was dried under reduced pressure.

Yield: 74 mg of example 34 (76%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=388, RT=2.887 min

Example 35 Preparation of Example 35

Example 35 is prepared following general scheme 1.

Dimethyl(2-{7-oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),15,18-heptaen-13-yl}ethyl)aminewas prepared according to similar synthetic procedures as described toobtain intermediate 7 using tert-butylN-[2-(tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl)oxyethyl]-N-[2-(2-dimethylaminoethylamino)ethyl]carbamatefor the coupling to the scaffold and (3-hydroxyphenyl)boronic acid forthe Suzuki coupling. The ring closure was effected after TBDMSdeprotection using Mitsunobu conditions. The unprotecteddimethyl(2-{7-oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),15,18-heptaen-13-yl}ethyl)aminewas obtained after Boc deprotection under acidic conditions.

Dimethyl(2-{7-oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),15,18-heptaen-13-yl}ethyl)amine(197 mg, 0.49 mmol) and triethylamine (340 μl, 2.45 mmol) were dissolvedin dichloromethane (2 ml) and cooled to 0° C. Cyclopropanecarbonylchloride (50 μl, 0.59 mmol) was added at 0° C. and the mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Ethyl acetate was added and theorganic layer was washed with water and brine. The organic layer wasdried, filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by flash chromatography using dichloromethane andmethanol as eluents. The product fractions were collected and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was trituratedwith diethyl ether and the product was dried under reduced pressure.

Yield: 70 mg of example 35 (33%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=435, RT=2.265 min

Example 36 Preparation of Example 36

Example 36 is prepared following general scheme 2.

Preparation of Intermediate 65

A mixture of 1,4-dioxane and water (3:1, 30 ml) was degassed by bubblingnitrogen gas through the mixture. Intermediate 6 (2.277 g, 4.99 mmol),(3-hydroxyphenyl)boronic acid (1.05 g, 6.487 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (116 mg, 0.10 mmol),2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (Xphos) (191 mg,0.40 mmol) and potassium phosphate tribasic (5.296 g, 5 eq.) were addedand the mixture was stirred under nitrogen gas at 80° C. for 2 hours.The reaction mixture was cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate and theorganic layer was washed with water. The organic layer was dried,filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel usingheptane and ethyl acetate as eluents (gradient elution from 20% to 100%ethyl acetate). The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasevaporated.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=469, RT=0.945 min

Preparation of Intermediate 66

Intermediate 65 (1.209 g, 2.58 mmol), methyl 2-bromoacetate (240 mg,2.58 mmol) and potassium carbonate (535 mg, 3.87 mmol) were dissolvedN,N-dimethylformamide (7.74 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at 60°C. for 2.5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and diluted with ethylacetate. The organic layer was washed with water, dried, filtered andthe solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purifiedby flash column chromatography over silica gel using heptane and ethylacetate as eluents (gradient elution from 0% to 50% ethyl acetate). Theproduct fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 1.281 g of intermediate 66 (92%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=541, RT=1.122 min

Preparation of Intermediate 67

Intermediate 66 (1.278 g, 2.364 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate(110 mg, 2.60 mmol) in a mixture tetrahydrofuran/methanol/water (2:2:1,14.2 ml) were stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. Toluene was added and evaporated twice.The residue was used in the next step without further purification.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=527, RT=0.983 min

Preparation of Intermediate 68

Intermediate 67 (771 mg, 2.364 mmol) was dissolved in 4N HCl in1,4-dioxane (7.09 ml) and the reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 5 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure.Toluene was added and evaporated twice. The residue was used in the nextstep without further purification.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=327, RT=0.275 min

Preparation of Example 36

A solution of intermediate 68 (773 mg, 2.37 mmol) inN,N-dimethylformamide (71 ml) was added drop wise to a solution ofO-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) (2.70 g, 7.11 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (12.092 ml,71.10 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (166 ml). The reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 3 hours. A 25% aqueous ammonia solution(2.5 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for30 minutes. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by reversed phase HPLC (HPLC method A). The productfractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 31 mg of example 36 (26%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=309, RT=1.757 min

Example 37

Example 37 is prepared following general scheme 1.

Preparation of Example 37

7-Oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),-15,18-heptaenehydrochloride (150 mg, 0.452 mmol) and triethylamine (189 μl, 1.36 mmol)were dissolved in dry tetrahydrofuran (1.36 ml) and the mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 5 minutes. 2-Fluoroacetyl chloride (40μl, 0.50 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 1.5 hours. More 2-fluoroacetyl chloride (7 μl, 0.09 mmol) andtriethylamine (32 μl, 0.23 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirredat room temperature for 15 hours. The solvent was removed under reducedpressure and methanol was added. The precipitate was filtered, washedwith diethyl ether and dried under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by reversed phase HPLC (HPLC method A). The product fractionswere collected and the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 83 mg of example 37 (52%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=356, RT=2.790 min

Example 38 Preparation of Example 38

Example 38 is prepared following general scheme 1.

Preparation of Intermediate 69

A mixture of 3-bromo-5-chloro-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (1.5 g, 6.45mmol), intermediate 4 (2.26 g, 7.10 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine(3.29 ml, 19.35 mmol) in acetonitrile (19.3 ml) was refluxed overnight.The reaction mixture was cooled and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washedwith water and brine. The organic layer was dried, filtered and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified byflash column chromatography over silica gel using heptane and ethylacetate as eluents (gradient elution from 10% to 55% ethyl acetate). Theproduct fractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 2.7 g of intermediate 69 (81%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=415 (-Boc), RT=1.395 min

Preparation of Intermediate 70

Intermediate 69 (2.7 g, 5.25 mmol), tert-butoxycarbonyl anhydride (1.26g, 5.78 mmol) and triethylamine (885 μl, 6.3 mmol) were dissolved intetrahydrofuran (15.75 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at 70° C.for 3 hours. An additional amount of tert-butoxycarbonyl anhydride (115mg, 0.53 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 70° C.for 1 hour. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residuewas dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with water and brine. Theorganic layer was dried, filtered and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure. Intermediate 3 was used in the next step withoutfurther purification. The residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel using heptane and ethyl acetate aseluents (gradient elution from 0% to 25% ethyl acetate). The productfractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 3.2 g of intermediate 70 (99%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=515 (-Boc), RT=1.625 min

Preparation of Intermediate 71

A mixture of 1,4-dioxane and water (3:1, 30 ml) was degassed by bubblingnitrogen gas through the mixture. Intermediate 70 (3.10 g, 5.04 mmol),[3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]boronic acid hydrochloride (1.42 g, 7.56 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (232 mg, 0.20 mmol),2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (Xphos) (191 mg,0.40 mmol) and potassium phosphate tribasic (5.34 g, 5 eq.) were addedand the mixture was stirred under nitrogen gas at 85° C. for 7 hours.The reaction mixture was cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate and theorganic layer was washed with water and brine. The organic layer wasdried, filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by flash column chromatography over silica gelusing dichloromethane and methanol as eluents. The product fractionswere collected and the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 2.53 g of intermediate 71 (78%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=641, RT=0.928 min

Preparation of Intermediate 72

3-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (140 mg, 0.64) mmol was added portionwise at 0° C. and under nitrogen atmosphere to a solution ofintermediate 71 (370 g, 0.58 mmol) and triethylamine (242 μl, 1.74 mmol)in anhydrous dichloromethane (1.74 ml). The reaction mixture was stirredfor 2 hours allowing it to reach room temperature. The reaction mixturewas diluted with dichloromethane and washed with an aqueous 1N sodiumbicarbonate solution. The organic layer was dried, filtered and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified byflash column chromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane andmethanol as eluents. The product fractions were collected and thesolvent was evaporated.

Yield: 380 mg of intermediate 72 (79%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=726 (MW-Boc), RT=1.549 min

Preparation of Intermediate 73

Intermediate 72 (380 mg, 0.46 mmol) was stirred at room temperature for2 hours in tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride (1M solution in tetrahydrofuran,1.38 ml). The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residuewas diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water and brine.

The organic layer was dried, filtered and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane and methanol aseluents. The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasevaporated.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=612 (MW-Boc), RT=1.121 min

Preparation of Intermediate 74

A solution of intermediate 73 (200 mg, 0.28 mmol) in2-methyltetrahydrofuran (5.7 ml) and a solution of diisopropylazodicarboxylate (0.17 g, 0.84 mmol) in toluene (16 ml) were addedsimultaneously to a solution of triphenylphosphine (220 mg, 0.84 mmol)in toluene (21 ml) at 90° C. The mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 30minutes. The reaction mixture was cooled and the solvent was removedunder reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane and methanol aseluents (gradient elution from 0% to 2% methanol). The product fractionswere collected and the solvent was evaporated.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=694, RT=1.374 min

Preparation of Intermediate 75

To a solution of intermediate 74 (340 mg, 0.49 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane(1.47 ml) was added 4N HCl in 1,4-dioxane (3 ml) and the reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure and the residue was used in the next stepwithout further purification.

Yield: 206 mg of intermediate 75 (80%)

Preparation of Intermediate 76

Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (40 μl, 0.47 mmol) was added drop wiseunder nitrogen atmosphere at 0° C. to a solution of intermediate 75 (206mg, 0.39 mmol) and triethylamine (271 μl, 1.95 mmol) in anhydrousdichloromethane (1.17 ml). The mixture was stirred for 1 hour allowingit to reach room temperature. The solvent was removed under reducedpressure and dichloromethane was added. The organic layer was washedwith water, dried, filtered and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The residue was used in the next step without furtherpurification.

Yield: 220 mg of example 76 (100%)

Preparation of Example 38

Thiophenol (50 μl, 0.47 mmol) and cesium carbonate (508 mg, 1.56 mmol)were suspended in N,N-dimethylformamide (1 ml) and the mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. A solution of intermediate76 (220 mg, 0.39 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (2 ml) was added and thereaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. Ethylacetate was added and the organic layer was washed with water and a 1Naqueous sodium hydroxide solution, dried, filtered and the solvent wasremoved under reduce pressure. The product was purified by flashchromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane and methanol aseluents (gradient elution from 0% to 3% methanol). The product fractionswere collected and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Theproduct was taken up in dichloromethane/methanol (4:1, 10 ml) and 4N HClin 1,4-dioxane (20 μl, 0.08 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The solvent was removed underreduced pressure and the compound was triturated with diethyl ether,filtered and dried under reduced pressure.

Yield: 18 mg of example 38 as HCl salt (11%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=377, RT=1.685 min

Example 39 Preparation of Example 39

Example 39 is prepared following general scheme 1.

Preparation of Intermediate 77

Acetyl chloride (30 μl, 0.46 mmol) was added drop wise under nitrogenatmosphere at 0° C. to a solution of intermediate 75 (200 mg, 0.38 mmol)and triethylamine (264 μl, 1.90 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (2ml). The mixture was stirred for 1 hour allowing it to reach roomtemperature. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and theresidue was used in the next step without further purification.

Yield: 205 mg of intermediate 77 (100%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=536, RT=0.976 min

Preparation of Example 39

Thiophenol (50 μl, 0.47 mmol) and cesium carbonate (495 mg, 1.52 mmol)were suspended in N,N-dimethylformamide (2 ml) and the mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. Intermediate 77 (205 mg,0.38 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 hours. Dichloromethane was added and the organic layerwas washed with water and a 1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, dried,filtered and the solvent was removed under reduce pressure. The productwas triturated with dichloromethane, filtered and dried under reducedpressure. The product was taken up in dichloromethane/methanol (4:1, 25ml) and 4N HCl in 1,4-dioxane (1 ml) was added. The reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated and the precipitate was filtered and washed with diethylether. The product was dried under reduced pressure.

Yield: 42 mg of example 39 as HCl salt (29%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=351, RT=1.073 min

Example 40 Preparation of Example 40

Example 40 is prepared following general scheme 1.

Preparation of Intermediate 78

2-Methylpropanoyl chloride (50 μl, 0.46 mmol) was added drop wise undernitrogen atmosphere at 0° C. to a solution of intermediate 75 (200 mg,0.38 mmol) and triethylamine (264 μl, 1.90 mmol) in anhydrousdichloromethane (2 ml). The mixture was stirred for 1 hour allowing itto reach room temperature. The solvent was removed under reducedpressure and the residue was used in the next step without furtherpurification.

Yield: 215 mg of intermediate 78 (100%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=564, RT=0.977 min

Preparation of Example 40

Thiophenol (50 μl, 0.47 mmol) and cesium carbonate (495 mg, 1.52 mmol)were suspended in N,N-dimethylformamide (2 ml) and the mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 10 minutes. Intermediate 78 (215 mg,0.38 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 hours. Dichloromethane was added and the organic layerwas washed with water and a 1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, dried,filtered and the solvent was removed under reduce pressure. The productwas triturated with dichloromethane, filtered and dried under reducedpressure. The product was taken up in dichloromethane/methanol (4:1, 25ml) and 4N HCl in 1,4-dioxane (1 ml) was added. The reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated and the precipitate was filtered and washed with diethylether. The product was dried under reduced pressure.

Yield: 37 mg of example 40 as HCl salt (23%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=379, RT=1.911 min

Example 41 Preparation of Example 41

Example 41 is prepared following general scheme 1.

Preparation of Intermediate 79

A mixture of intermediate 75 (204 mg, 0.38 mmol), 3-methoxypropanoicacid (40 μl, 0.42 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (323 μl, 1.90mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (2 ml) was stirred at room temperaturefor 10 minutes. O-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (HBTU) (174 mg, 0.46 mmol) was added. The reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure and dichloromethane was added. Theorganic layer was washed with water, a 1N aqueous sodium bicarbonatesolution and brine. The organic layer was dried, filtered and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. The product was purified byflash chromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane and methanolas eluents (gradient elution from 0% to 6% methanol). The productfractions were collected and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure.

Yield: 210 mg of intermediate 79 (95%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=580, RT=0.897 min

Preparation of Example 41

Thiophenol (40 μl, 0.43 mmol) and cesium carbonate (235 mg, 0.72 mmol)were suspended in N,N-dimethylformamide (2 ml). Intermediate 79 (210 mg,0.36 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 18 hours. Dichloromethane was added and the organiclayer was washed with water and a 1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution,dried, filtered and the solvent was removed under reduce pressure. Theproduct was purified by flash chromatography over silica gel usingdichloromethane and methanol as eluents (gradient elution from 0% to 10%methanol). The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The product was taken up in methanol(0.57 ml) and 4N HCl in 1,4-dioxane (1 ml) was added. The reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The precipitatewas filtered and washed with methanol. The product was dried underreduced pressure.

Yield: 28 mg of example 41 as HCl salt (18%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=395, RT=1.138 min

Example 42 Preparation of Example 42

Example 42 is prepared following general scheme 1.

Preparation of Intermediate 80

Butanoyl chloride (50 μl, 0.46 mmol) was added drop wise under nitrogenatmosphere at 0° C. to a solution of intermediate 75 (200 mg, 0.38 mmol)and triethylamine (264 μl, 1.90 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (2ml). The mixture was stirred for 1 hour allowing it to reach roomtemperature. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The productwas triturated with methanol, filtered and dried under reduced pressure.

Yield: 215 mg of example 80 (100%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=564, RT=0.980 min

Preparation of Example 42

Thiophenol (390 μl, 0.47 mmol) and potassium carbonate (630 mg, 4.56mmol) were suspended in acetonitrile (4 ml) and the mixture was stirredat 70° C. for 30 minutes. Intermediate 80 (215 mg, 0.38 mmol) was addedand the reaction mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 48 hours. Thereaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and sodium hydroxide(456 mg, 11.4 mmol) was added. The solvent was removed under reducedpressure and the residue was dissolved in dichloromethane. The organiclayer was washed with a 1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and brine,dried, filtered and the solvent was removed under reduce pressure. Theproduct was purified by flash chromatography over silica gel usingdichloromethane and methanol as eluents (gradient elution from 0% to 10%methanol). The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The product was taken up indichloromethane (20 ml) and 4N HCl in 1,4-dioxane (1 ml) was added. Thereaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Thereaction mixture was concentrated and the resulting oil wasco-evaporated with diethyl ether (3×). The product was dried underreduced pressure.

Yield: 8 mg of example 42 as HCl salt (5%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=379, RT=1.307 min

Example 43 Preparation of Example 43

Example 43 is prepared following general scheme 1.

Preparation of Intermediate 81

A mixture of intermediate 75 (203 mg, 0.38 mmol),3-dimethylaminopropanoic acid (50 μl, 0.42 mmol) andN,N-diisopropylethylamine (323 μl, 1.90 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide(2 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 10 minutes.O-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) (174 mg, 0.46 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirredat room temperature for 1 hour. The solvent was removed under reducedpressure and dichloromethane was added. The organic layer was washedwith water, a 1N aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and brine. Theorganic layer was dried, filtered and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure. The product was purified by flash chromatography oversilica gel using dichloromethane and methanol as eluents (gradientelution from 0% to 6% methanol). The product fractions were collectedand the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.

Yield: 196 mg of intermediate 81 (87%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=593, RT=0.696 min

Preparation of Example 43

Thiophenol (40 μl, 0.40 mmol) and cesium carbonate (215 mg, 0.66 mmol)were suspended in N,N-dimethylformamide (2 ml). Intermediate 81 (196 mg,0.33 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 3 hours. Ethyl acetate was added and the organic layerwas washed with water and a 1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, dried,filtered and the solvent was removed under reduce pressure. The productwas purified by flash chromatography over silica gel usingdichloromethane and methanol as eluents (gradient elution from 0% to 10%methanol). The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure.

Yield: 30 mg of example 43 (22%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=408, RT=0.733 min

Example 44 Preparation of Example 44

Example 44 is prepared following general scheme 2.

Preparation of Intermediate 82

A mixture of 3-bromo-5-chloro-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (2.0 g, 8.60mmol), methyl 2-aminoacetate hydrochloride (2.16 g, 17.2 mmol) andN,N-diisopropylethylamine (7.51 ml, 43.0 mmol) in acetonitrile (25.8 ml)was refluxed overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled and the solventwas removed under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in ethylacetate and washed with water. The organic layer was dried, filtered andthe solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purifiedby flash column chromatography over silica gel using heptane and ethylacetate as eluents (gradient elution from 0% to 67% ethyl acetate). Theproduct fractions were collected and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure.

Yield: 1.72 g of intermediate 82 (70%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=286, RT=2.402 min

Preparation of Intermediate 83

A mixture of intermediate 82 (1.72 g, 6.03 mmol), tert-butoxycarbonylanhydride (1.38 g, 6.33 mmol), triethylamine (922 μl, 6.63 mmol) and4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (37 mg, 0.30 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (18 ml)was refluxed overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled and the solventwas removed under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in ethylacetate and washed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried,filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel usingheptane and ethyl acetate as eluents. The product fractions werecollected and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.

Yield: 1.9 g of intermediate 83 (82%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=386, RT=0.998 min

Preparation of Intermediate 84

A mixture of 1,4-dioxane and water (3:1, 30 ml) was degassed by bubblingnitrogen gas through the mixture. Intermediate 83 (1.90 g, 4.93 mmol),(3-hydroxyphenyl)boronic acid (1.02 g, 7.40 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (116 mg, 0.10 mmol),2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (Xphos) (186 mg,0.39 mmol) and potassium phosphate tribasic (5.23 g, 5 eq.) were addedand the mixture was stirred under nitrogen gas at 80° C. for 16 hours.More (3-hydroxyphenyl)boronic acid (0.51 g, 3.70 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (58 mg, 0.05 mmol),2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (Xphos) (93 mg,0.195 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred under nitrogen gas at80° C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. Ethyl acetate was added and the organiclayer was washed with water. The organic layer was dried, filtered andthe solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue wastriturated with diethyl ether, filtered and dried under reducedpressure.

Yield: 1.48 g of intermediate 84 (75%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=399, RT=3.462 min

Preparation of Intermediate 85

Intermediate 84 (800 mg, 2.01 mmol), tert-butylN-(3-hydroxypropyl)carbamate (490 mg, 2.81 mmol) and triphenylphosphine(949 mg, 3.62 mmol) were suspended in dry tetrahydrofuran (12 ml/mmol).Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (713 μl, 3.62 mmol) was added and themixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel using heptane and ethyl acetate aseluents. The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure.

Yield: 900 mg of intermediate 85 (81%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=578 (MW+Na), RT=4.384 min

Preparation of Intermediate 86

Intermediate 85 (0.900 g, 1.62 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate(70 mg, 1.78 mmol) in a mixture tetrahydrofuran/methanol/water (2:2:1,4.86 ml) were stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. More lithiumhydroxide monohydrate (30 mg, 0.76 mmol) was added and the reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The residue was used in the next stepwithout further purification.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=442 (MW-Boc), RT=1.100 min

Preparation of Intermediate 87

Intermediate 86 (877 mg, 1.62 mmol) was stirred in a mixture oftrifluoro acetic acid (5 ml) in dichloromethane (5 ml) and the reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The residue was treated with toluene andthe solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Intermediate 87 was usedin the next step without further purification.

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=342, RT=1.573 min

Preparation of Example 44

A suspension of intermediate 87 (553 mg, 1.62 mmol) inN,N-dimethylformamide (55 ml) was added drop wise to a solution ofO-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) (1.84 g, 4.86 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (4.244 ml,24.30 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (110 ml). The reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 1 hour. A solution of ammonia in waterwas added and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Ethylacetate was added and the organic layer was washed with a saturatedaqueous sodium carbonate solution, water and brine. The organic layerwas dried, filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.The residue was purified by reversed phase HPLC (HPLC method A). Theproduct fractions were collected and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure.

Yield: 115 mg of example 44 (22%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=324, RT=1.071 min

Example 45 Preparation of Example 45

Example 45 is prepared following general scheme 2.

Sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil, 30 mg, 0.85 mmol) was added to asolution of example 33 (293 mg, 0.77 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide(2.31 ml). The mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 30 minutes andiodomethane (57 μl, 0.92 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred at60° C. for 90 minutes. Water was added and the mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 5 minutes. The solvent was removed under reducedpressure and the residue was purified by reversed phase HPLC (HPLCmethod A). The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The product was taken up indichloromethane/methanol (4:1, 45 ml) and 4N HCl in 1,4-dioxane (80 μl,0.31 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure.The product was triturated with diethyl ether, filtered and dried underreduced pressure.

Yield: 101 mg of example 45 as HCl salt (30%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=395, RT=1.225 min

Example 46 Preparation of Example 46

Example 46 is prepared following general scheme 2.

Preparation of Intermediate 88

A mixture of 1,4-dioxane and water (3:1, 16.55 ml) was degassed bybubbling nitrogen gas through the mixture. Intermediate 6 (2.518 g,5.518 mmol), (3-formylphenyl)boronic acid (1.076 g, 7.173 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (128 mg, 0.11 mmol),2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (Xphos) (210 mg,0.44 mmol) and potassium phosphate tribasic (5.856 g, 5 eq.) were addedand the mixture was stirred under nitrogen gas at 80° C. for 15 hours.The reaction mixture was cooled and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure. Ethyl acetate was added and the organic layer waswashed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried, filtered andthe solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue wastriturated with diethyl ether, filtered and dried under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography oversilica gel using heptane and ethyl acetate as eluents (gradient elutionfrom 0% to 50% ethyl acetate). The product fractions were collected andthe solvent was removed under reduced pressure.

Yield: 2.366 g of intermediate 88 (89%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=482, RT=1.186 min

Preparation of Intermediate 89

A mixture of intermediate 88 (2.170 g, 4.797 mmol), methyl3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride (1.67 g, 11.99 mmol) andN,N-diisopropylethylamine (2.039 ml, 11.99 mmol) was stirred in amixture of 1,2-dichloroethane/methanol (1:1, 14.39 ml) at roomtemperature for 1 hour. Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (2.541 g, 11.99mmol) was added portion wise and the mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 15 hours. More methyl 3-aminopropanoate hydrochloride(670 mg, 4.797 mmol), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.63 ml, 9.594 mmol)and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (1.016 g, 4.797 mmol) were added andthe mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. The solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in ethylacetate. The organic layer was washed with a saturated aqueous sodiumbicarbonate solution. The organic layer was dried, filtered and thesolvent was removed under reduce pressure. The residue was purified byflash column chromatography over silica gel using heptane and ethylacetate as eluents (gradient elution from 0% to 100% ethyl acetate) andthen dichloromethane and methanol as eluents (gradient elution from 50:1to 9:1 methanol). The product fractions were collected and the solventwas removed under reduced pressure.

Yield: 2.170 g of intermediate 89 (80%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=569, RT=0.743 min

Preparation of Intermediate 90

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (600 mg, 2.70) mmol was added portionwise at 0° C. and under nitrogen atmosphere to a solution ofintermediate 89 (1.022 g, 1.797 mmol) and triethylamine (624 μl, 4.49mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (5.39 ml). The reaction mixture wasstirred for 2 hours allowing it to reach room temperature. The reactionmixture was diluted with dichloromethane and washed with water. Theorganic layer was dried, filtered and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel using heptane and ethyl acetate aseluents (gradient elution from 0% to 80% ethyl acetate). The productfractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=775 (MW+Na), RT=1.240 min

Preparation of Intermediate 91

A 6N HCl solution (12 ml/mmol, 22 ml) was added to a solution ofintermediate 89 (1.373 g, 1.821 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (12 ml/mmol, 22ml). The mixture was stirred in a sealed tube at room temperatureovernight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Toluene wasadded and evaporated twice. The residue was used in the next stepwithout further purification.

Preparation of Intermediate 92

A solution of intermediate 91 (1.048 g, 1.82 mmol) inN,N-dimethylformamide (55 ml) was added drop wise to a solution ofO-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) (2.07 g, 5.46 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (9.286 ml,54.60 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (127 ml). The reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 2 hours. A The solvent was removed underreduced pressure. Ethyl acetate was added and the organic layer waswashed with a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The organiclayer was dried, filtered and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography oversilica gel using dichloromethane and methanol as eluents (gradientelution from 50:1 to 9:1 methanol). The product fractions were collectedand the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=522, RT=0.793 min

Preparation of Example 46

Thiophenol (220 μl, 2.12 mmol) and cesium carbonate (577 mg, 1.77 mmol)were added to a solution of intermediate 92 (923 mg, 1.77 mmol) inN,N-dimethylformamide (3.5 ml) and the reaction mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 5 hours. Ethyl acetate was added and theprecipitate was filtered and dried under reduce pressure. The productwas taken up in dichloromethane/methanol (4:1, 20 ml) and 4N HCl in1,4-dioxane (80 μl) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure.The product was triturated with diethyl ether, filtered and dried underreduced pressure.

Yield: 96 mg of example 46 as HCl salt (15%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=337, RT=0.998 min

Example 47 Preparation of Example 47

Example 47 is prepared following general scheme 2.

Example 46 (100 mg, 0.297 mmol) and formaldehyde (37%, 10 μl, 0.36 mmol)were stirred in 1,2-dichloroethane at room temperature for 1 hour.Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (125 mg, 0.59 mmol) was added and themixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by reversedphase HPLC (HPLC method A). The product fractions were collected and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. The product was taken up indichloromethane/methanol (4:1, 30 ml) and 4N HCl in 1,4-dioxane (60 μl)was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The product wastriturated with diethyl ether, filtered and dried under reducedpressure.

Yield: 80 mg of example 47 as HCl salt (70%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=351, RT=1.036 min

Example 48 Preparation of Example 48

Example 48 is prepared following general scheme 2.

A mixture of example 36 (170 mg, 0.551 mmol) and potassium carbonate(115 mg, 0.83 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (1.65 ml) was stirred atroom temperature for 15 minutes. Iodomethane (30 μl, 0.55 mmol) wasadded and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 2 hours. The solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by reversedphase HPLC (HPLC method A). The product fractions were collected and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. The product was taken up indichloromethane/methanol (4:1, 40 ml) and 4N HCl in 1,4-dioxane (60 μl)was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The product wastriturated with diethyl ether, filtered and dried under reducedpressure.

Yield: 69 mg of example 48 as HCl salt (35%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=323, RT=1.605 min

Example 49 Preparation of Example 49

Example 49 is prepared following general scheme 2.

Preparation of Intermediate 93

A mixture of 1,4-dioxane and water (3:1, 200 ml) was degassed bybubbling nitrogen gas through the mixture. Intermediate 5 (7.50 g, 21.05mmol), (3-formylphenyl)boronic acid (6.35 g, 27.37 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (128 mg, 0.11 mmol),2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (Xphos) (487 mg,0.42 mmol) and potassium phosphate tribasic (22 g, 5 eq.) were added andthe mixture was stirred under nitrogen gas at 80° C. for 2 hours. Thereaction mixture was cooled and ethyl acetate was added. The organiclayer was washed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried,filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residuewas triturated with diethyl ether, filtered and dried under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography oversilica gel using dichloromethane and methanol as eluents. The productfractions were collected and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The product was triturated with diethyl ether, filtered anddried under reduced pressure.

Yield: 5.53 g of intermediate 93 (69%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=382, RT=0.882 min

Preparation of Intermediate 94

Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (3.00 g, 14.16 mmol) was added to a mixtureof intermediate 93 (2.70 g, 7.08 mmol), methyl (2R)-2-aminopropanoatehydrochloride (0.99 g, 7.08 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.981ml, 7.08 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (105 ml). The reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature overnight. A saturated aqueous sodiumbicarbonate solution was added and the organic layer was washed withwater and brine. The organic layer was dried, filtered and the solventwas removed under reduce pressure. The residue was purified by flashcolumn chromatography over silica gel using heptane and ethyl acetate aseluents. The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure.

Yield: 3.01 g of intermediate 94 (71%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=469, RT=0.532 min

Preparation of intermediate 95

A 6N HCl solution (12 ml/mmol, 35 ml) was added to a solution ofintermediate 94 (2.70 g, 5.76 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (12 ml/mmol, 35ml). The mixture was stirred in at 70° C. overnight. The solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated with diethylether, filtered and dried under reduced pressure. The product was usedin the next step without further purification.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=355, RT=0.204 min

Preparation of Example 49

A solution of intermediate 95 (2.25 g, 5.76 mmol) andN,N-diisopropylethylamine (10.06 ml, 57.6 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide(40 ml) was added drop wise to a solution ofO-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) (2.07 g, 5.46 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (10.06 ml, 57.6mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (20 ml). The reaction mixture was stirredat room temperature for 1 hour after the addition was completed. A 7Nammonia solution in methanol was added. The solvent was removed underreduced pressure. Ethyl acetate was added and the organic layer waswashed with a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and water.The organic layer was dried, filtered and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane and methanol aseluents. The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The product was triturated withacetonitrile, filtered and dried under reduced pressure.

Yield: 292 mg of example 49 (15%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=337, RT=1.090 min

Example 50 Preparation of Example 50 Preparation of Intermediate 96

13-[2-(benzyloxy)ethyl]-7-oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),15,18-heptaenewas prepared according to similar synthetic procedures as described toobtain intermediate 7 using tert-butylN-[2-(2-benzyloxyethylamino)ethyl]-N-[2-(tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl)oxyethyl]carbamatefor the coupling to the scaffold and (3-hydroxyphenyl)boronic acid forthe Suzuki coupling. The ring closure was effected after TBDMSdeprotection using Mitsunobu conditions. The unprotected13-[2-(benzyoxy)ethyl]-7-oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),15,18-heptaenewas obtained after Boc deprotection under acidic conditions.

Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (10 μl, 0.08 mmol) was added to a solutionof13-[2-(benzyloxy)ethyl]-7-oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),15,18-heptaene(30 mg, 0.07 mmol) and triethylamine (11 μl, 0.08 mmol) indichloromethane (2 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperatureunder nitrogen atmosphere for 1 hour. Ethyl acetate was added and theorganic layer was washed with water and brine. The organic layer wasdried, filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Theresidue was used in the next step without further purification.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=498, RT=1.109 min

Preparation of Example 50

A suspension of intermediate 96 (35 mg, 0.07 mmol) and palladium (0.07mmol) in tetrahydrofurane/methanol (1:1, 10 ml)) was stirred underhydrogen atmosphere for 2 days. The solid was removed by filtration overcelite. The solvent of the filtrate was removed under reduced pressureand the residue was purified by flash column chromatography over silicagel using dichloromethane and methanol as eluents. The product fractionswere collected and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.

Yield: 12 mg of example 50 (42%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=408, RT=2.247 min

Example 51 Preparation of Example 51

Example 51 is prepared following general scheme 2.

Example 51 was prepared according to the procedures used to obtainexample 49 except that methyl (2S)-2-aminopropanoate hydrochloride isused instead of methyl (2R)-2-aminopropanoate hydrochloride in thereductive amination step.

LCMS method 2 example 51: MH⁺=337, RT=1.074 min

Example 52 Preparation of Example 52

Example 52 is prepared following general scheme 1.

Preparation of Intermediate 97

Intermediate 52 (350 mg, 0.78 mmol) and sodium hydride (60% in mineraloil, 90 mg, 1.17 mmol) were dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (2.34ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes andiodomethane (60 μl, 0.94 mmol) was added drop wise. The reaction wasstirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The solvent was removed underreduced pressure and the residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel using heptane, ethyl acetate,dichloromethane and dichloromethane:methanol (9:1) (from 20% 15 to 100%of ethyl acetate and from 50% to 100% of dichloromethane:methanol 9:1).The product fractions were collected and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure.

Yield: 147 mg of intermediate 97 (40%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=366 (MW-Boc), RT=0.739 min

Preparation of Example 52

Intermediate 92 (147 mg, 0.32 mmol) was dissolved in a 4N HCl solutionin methanol (6 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 2 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The productwas triturated with diethyl ether, filtered and dried under reducedpressure.

Yield: 25 mg of example 52 (21%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=366, RT=2.210 min

Example 53 Preparation of Example 53

Example 53 is prepared following general scheme 1.

5-methoxy-7-oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),15,18-heptaenewas prepared according to similar synthetic procedures as described toobtain intermediate 7 using intermediate 4 for the coupling to thescaffold and (3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)boronic acid for the Suzukicoupling. The ring closure was effected after TBDMS deprotection usingMitsunobu conditions. The unprotected5-methoxy-7-oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),15,18-heptaenewas obtained after Boc deprotection under acidic conditions.

5-methoxy-7-oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),15,18-heptaenehydrochloride (105 mg, 0.32 mmol) and triethylamine (67 μl, 0.48 mmol)were stirred in dry tetrahydrofuran (0.96 ml). Cyclopropanecarbonylchloride (40 μl, 0.35 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 1 hour. The solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The product was triturated with methanol, filtered and driedunder reduced pressure.

Yield: 44 mg of example 53 (35%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=394, RT=2.908 min

Example 54 Preparation of Example 54

Example 54 is prepared following general scheme 4.

7,10,13,17,18,21-hexaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),15,18-heptaen-8-onewas prepared according to similar synthetic procedures as described toobtain example 54 using intermediate 95 and[3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)phenyl]boronic acid for the Suzukicoupling. The ring closure was effected after Boc deprotection andreaction with methyl 2-bromoacetate using HBTU conditions. Theunprotected7,10,13,17,18,21-hexaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),15,18-heptaen-8-onewas obtained after nosyl deprotection using thiophenol.7,10,13,17,18,21-hexaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),15,18-heptaen-8-one(25 mg, 0.08 mmol) and triethylamine (14 μl, 0.10 mmol) were stirred indry tetrahydrofuran (240 μl). Cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (10 μl, 0.09mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1hour. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The product wastriturated with methanol, filtered and dried under reduced pressure. Theresidue was purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel. Theproduct fractions were collected and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure. The product was recrystallized in hotmethanol/dichloromethane (4:1).

Yield: 12 mg of example 54 (40%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=377, RT=2.331 min

Example 55 Preparation of Example 55

Example 55 is prepared following general scheme 2.

Preparation of Intermediate 98

Sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil, 1.032 g, 25.81 mmol) was added to asolution of 3-bromo-5-chloro-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (1.50 g, 6.452mmol) in dry N,N-dimethylformamide (19.36 ml). Tert-butylN-(2-hydroxyethyl)carbamate (4.52 g, 25.81 mmol) was added and themixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reactionmixture was cooled on an ice bath and water was added. The mixture wasstirred for 5 minutes. The solvent was removed under reduced pressureand the residue was purified by flash column chromatography over silicagel using dichloromethane and methanol as eluents (gradient elution from0% to 20% methanol). The product fractions were collected and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure.

Yield: 1.376 mg of intermediate 98(57%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=372, RT=0.928 min

Preparation of Intermediate 99

A mixture of 1,4-dioxane and water (3:1, 21 ml) was degassed by bubblingnitrogen gas through the mixture. Intermediate 98 (1.32 g, 3.556 mmol),(3-aminophenyl)boronic acid (610 mg, 3.91 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (81 mg, 0.07 mmol),2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (Xphos) (133 mg,0.28 mmol) and potassium phosphate tribasic (3.778 g, 5 eq.) were addedand the mixture was stirred under nitrogen gas at 85° C. for 15 hours.The reaction mixture was cooled and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure. Ethyl acetate was added and the organic layer waswashed with water. The organic layer was dried, filtered and the solventwas removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flashcolumn chromatography over silica gel using heptane and ethyl acetate aseluents (gradient elution from 25% to 66% ethyl acetate). The productfractions were collected and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure.

Yield: 1.115 g of intermediate 99 (82%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=384, RT=0.729 min

Preparation of Intermediate 100

Pyridine (219 μl, 2.71 mmol) was added to a suspension of intermediate99 (1.04 g, 2.712 mmol) and tetrahydrofuran-2,5-dione (540 mg, 5.42mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (8.14 ml). The mixture was stirred at 80° C.for 3 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Ethylacetate was added and the organic layer was washed with a 1N aqueous HClsolution. The organic layer was dried, filtered and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane and methanol aseluents (gradient elution from 0% to 10% methanol). The productfractions were collected and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure.

Preparation of Intermediate 101

Intermediate 100 (1.311 g, 2.712 mmol) was stirred at room temperaturein 4N HCl in 1,4-dioxane (8.14 ml) for 3 hours. The solvent was removedunder reduced pressure. Toluene was added and evaporated (2×).

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=384, RT=0.352 min

Preparation of Example 55

A solution of intermediate 101 (1.062 g, 2.53 mmol) andN,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.291 ml, 7.59 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide(8 ml) was added drop wise over a period of 1 hour to a solution of1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (1.03 g, 7.59 mmol) andN,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide (1.183 g, 7.59 mmol) inN,N-dimethylformamide (18 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 15 hours. The solvent was removed under reducedpressure.

Yield: 76 mg of example 56 (8%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=366, RT=2.158 min

Example 56 Preparation of Example 56

7-oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),15,18-heptaene-4-carboxamidehydrochloride was prepared according to similar synthetic procedures asdescribed to obtain intermediate 7 using intermediate 4 for the couplingto the scaffold and (3-hydroxy-5-methoxycarbonyl-phenyl)boronic acid forthe Suzuki coupling. The ring closure was effected after TBDMSdeprotection using Mitsunobu conditions. The methyl ester on the phenylring was transformed into the carboxamide by saponification andsubsequent amide formation using ammoniumchloride under HBTU couplingconditions. The unprotected7-oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),15,18-heptaene-4-carboxamidehydrochloride was obtained after Boc deprotection under acidicconditions.

7-oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2,4,6(22),14(21),15,18-heptaene-4-carboxamidehydrochloride (120 mg, 0.32 mmol) and triethylamine (111 μl, 0.80 mmol)were stirred in dry tetrahydrofuran (0.96 ml). Cyclopropanecarbonylchloride (40 μl, 0.35 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 2 hours. More cyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (15 μl,0.13 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for15 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by reversed phase HPLC (HPLC method A). The productfractions were collected and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure.

Yield: 31 mg of example 56 (24%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=407, RT=2.276 min

Example 57 Preparation of Example 57

Example 57 is prepared following general scheme 1.

Example 57 was obtained as a side-product during the amide bondformation performed to obtain example 9.

Yield: 125 mg of example 57

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=350, RT=2.915 min

Example 58 Preparation of Example 58

Example 58 is prepared following general scheme 1.

A mixture of example 14 (117 mg, 0.33 mmol) and potassium carbonate (68mg, 0.49 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (1 ml) was stirred at roomtemperature. Iodomethane (20 μl, 0.40 mmol) was added and the mixturewas stirred at 60° C. for 19 hours. More potassium carbonate (68 mg,0.49 mmol) and iodomethane (20 μl, 0.40 mmol) were added and the mixturewas stirred at 60° C. for another 10 hours. The solvent was removedunder reduced pressure and the product was purified by reversed phaseHPLC (HPLC method A). The product fractions were collected and thesolvent was evaporated.

Yield: 14 mg of example 58 (12%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=365, RT=3.060 min

Example 59 Preparation of Example 59

Example 59 is prepared following general scheme 2.

Example 59 was prepared according to the procedures applied to obtainexample 44 except that for the Mitsunobu reaction tert-butylN-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]carbamate was being used. The ring closurewas effected according to following procedure. A solution of2-[[3-[3-[2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethoxy]phenyl]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-yl]amino]aceticacid (152 mg, 0.41 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (28 ml) was added to asolution of O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (HBTU) (470 mg, 1.23 mmol) andN,N-diisopropylethylamine (795 μl, 6.015 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide(13 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by flash column chromatography over silica gel usingdichloromethane and methanol as eluents (gradient elution from 0% to 10%methanol). The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure.

Yield: 44 mg of example 59 (30%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=354, RT=2.218 min

Example 60 Preparation of Example 60

Example 60 is prepared following general scheme 2.

Example 60 was prepared according to similar procedures as the onesapplied to obtain example 44 except that for the Mitsunobu reactiontert-butyl N-(4-hydroxybutyl)carbamate was being used. The ring closurewas effected according to following procedure. A solution of2-[[3-[3-(4-aminobutoxy)phenyl]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-yl]amino]aceticacid (131 mg, 0.37 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (24 ml) was added to asolution of O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (HBTU) (420 mg, 1.11 mmol) andN,N-diisopropylethylamine (717 μl, 5.55 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide(13 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by flash column chromatography over silica gel usingdichloromethane and methanol as eluents (gradient elution from 0% to 10%methanol). The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure.

Yield: 24 mg of example 60 (19%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=338, RT=2.425 min

Example 61 Preparation of Example 61

Example 61 is prepared following general scheme 3.

Preparation of Intermediate 102

A mixture of 1,4-dioxane and water (3:1, 6.39 ml) was degassed bybubbling nitrogen gas through the mixture. Tert-butylN-[3-[(3-bromopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-yl)-tert-butoxycarbonyl-amino]propyl]carbamate(1.00 g, 2.13 mmol), (3-hydroxy-4-methoxycarbonyl-phenyl)boronic acid

(710 mg, 2.56 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (46 mg,0.04 mmol), 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl(Xphos) (81 mg, 0.17 mmol) and potassium phosphate tribasic (2.26 g, 5eq.) were added and the mixture was stirred under nitrogen gas at 85° C.for 15 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. Ethyl acetate was added and the organiclayer was washed with water. The organic layer was dried, filtered andthe solvent was removed under reduced pressure. A mixture of themethylester and the carboxylic acid was obtained. The two compounds wereseparated by flash column chromatography over silica gel using heptaneand ethyl acetate as eluents (gradient elution from 0% to 100% ethylacetate). The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The carboxylic acid was used in the nextstep.

Yield: 735 g of intermediate 102 (65%)

Preparation of Intermediate 103

1-Hydroxybenzotriazole (243 mg, 1.80 mmol) was added to a solution ofintermediate 102 (631 mg, 1.20 mmol), ammoniumchloride (100 mg, 1.80mmol) and N,N′-diisopropylmethanediimine (280 μl, 1.80 mmol) inN,N-dimethylformamide (3.60 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred atroom temperature for 16 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted withethyl acetate and washed with a saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonatesolution. The organic layer was dried, filtered and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel using heptane and ethyl acetate aseluents (gradient elution from 0% to 100% ethyl acetate). The productfractions were collected and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure.

Yield: 568 mg of example 103 (90%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=427 (MW-Boc), RT=1.095 min

Preparation of Intermediate 104

A mixture of intermediate 103 (518 mg, 0.98 mmol), methyl 2-bromoacetate(140 mg, 1.47 mmol) and potassium carbonate (271 mg, 1.96 mmol) inN,N-dimethylformamide (2.94 ml) was stirred at 80° C. for 3 hours. Ethylacetate was added and the organic layer was washed with water. Theprecipitate in the organic phase was filtered. The organic layer wasdried, filtered and the solvent was removed under reduce pressure.Methanol was added and the precipitate was filtered and dried. The twoprecipitates were joined.

Yield: 0.337 mg of intermediate 104 (57%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=599, RT=1.053 min

Preparation of Intermediate 105

Intermediate 104 (287 mg, 0.48 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate(40 mg, 0.96 mmol) were suspended in a mixture of tetrahydrofurane,methanol and water (2:2:1, 1.44 ml). The mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 3 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressureand the product was used without further purification in the next step.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=585, RT=0.936 min

Preparation of Intermediate 106

Intermediate 105 (327 mg, 0.56 mmol) was stirred for 6 hours at roomtemperature in a 4N HCl solution in 1,4-dioxane (1.68 ml). The solventwas removed under reduced pressure. Toluene was added and removed underreduced pressure. The product was used without further purification inthe next step.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=385, RT=0.286 min

Preparation of Example 61

A solution of intermediate 106 (168 mg, 0.40 mmol) inN,N-dimethylformamide (12 ml) was added drop wise to a solution ofO-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) (460 mg, 1.20 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1012 μl, 6.00mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (28 ml). The reaction mixture was stirredat room temperature for 1 hour. The solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by reversed phase HPLC (HPLC methodA). The product fractions were collected and the solvent was removedunder reduced pressure.

Yield: 40 mg of example 61 (27%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=367, RT=1.771 min

Example 62 Preparation of Example 62

Example 62 is prepared following general scheme 4.

Preparation of Intermediate 107

A mixture of 3-bromo-6-chloro-imidazo[2,1-f]pyridazine (3.00 g, 12.90mmol), benzyl N-(2-aminoethyl)carbamate hydrochloride (11.90 g, 51.60mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (13.52 ml, 77.40 mmol) in n-butanol(38.7 ml) was heated for 72 hours at 150° C. in a sealed tube. Thereaction mixture was cooled and ethyl acetate was added. The organiclayer was washed with a 1N aqueous HCl solution, water and brine. Theorganic layer was dried, filtered and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane and methanol aseluents (gradient elution from 0% to 3% methanol). The product fractionswere collected and the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 2.70 g of intermediate 107 (54%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=391, RT=0.650 min

Preparation of Intermediate 108

Tert-butoxycarbonyl anhydride (760 mg, 3.48 mmol) was added to asolution of intermediate 107 (1.13 g, 2.90 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran(8.70 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3days. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by flash column chromatography over silica gel using heptaneand ethyl acetate as eluents (gradient elution from 0% to 50% ethylacetate). The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure.

Yield: 840 mg of intermediate 108 (59%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=490, RT=1.062 min

Preparation of Intermediate 109

Intermediate 108 (840 mg, 1.71 mmol), (3-hydroxyphenyl)boronic acid (350mg, 1.50 mmol), 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl(Xphos) (67 mg, 0.14 mmol) and potassium phosphate tribasic (1.80 g, 5eq.) were dissolved in a mixture of 1,4-dioxane and water (3:1, 5.13 ml)and the mixture was degassed by bubbling nitrogen gas through.Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (81 mg, 0.07 mmol) was addedand the mixture was stirred under nitrogen gas at 70° C. for 18 hours.The reaction mixture was cooled and ethyl acetate was added. The organiclayer was washed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried,filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The productwas triturated with dichloromethane, filtered and dried under reducedpressure. The product was purified by flash column chromatography oversilica gel using dichloromethane and methanol as eluents (gradientelution from 0% to 2% methanol). The product fractions were collectedand the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.

Yield: 740 g of intermediate 109 (86%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=504, RT=0.948 min

Preparation of Intermediate 110

Intermediate 109 was dissolved in a mixture of methanol andtetrahydrofurane (3:1, 30 ml), degassed by bubbling nitrogen gas throughthe mixture and palladium (160 mg, 1.47 mmol) was added. The reactionmixture was stirred at room temperature under hydrogen atmosphere for 7hours. The reaction mixture was filtered over decalite and washed withmethanol. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The productwas without further purification used in the next step.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=370, RT=0.451 min

Preparation of Intermediate 111

Intermediate 110 (460 mg, 1.25 mmol), 2-hydroxyacetic acid (100 mg, 1.38mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (328 μl, 1.88 mmol) were dissolvedin N,N-dimethylformamide (3.75 ml).O-(Benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) (569 mg, 1.38 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was pouredinto water and the water layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. Theorganic layer was washed with water and brine, dried, filtered and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure. The product was purified byflash column chromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane andmethanol as eluents (gradient elution from 0% to 5% methanol). Theproduct fractions were collected and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure.

Yield: 150 mg of intermediate 111 (28%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=428, RT=0.586 min

Preparation of Intermediate 112

All solutions were degassed by bubbling nitrogen gas through thesolutions. A solution of intermediate 111 (150 mg, 0.35 mmol) in2-methyltetrahydrofuran (20 ml/mmol) and a solution of diisopropylazodicarboxylate (210 μl, 1.05 mmol) in toluene (20 ml/mmol) were addedsimultaneously over a period of 2 hours to a solution oftriphenylphosphine (275 mg, 1.05 mmol) in toluene (75 ml/mmol ofintermediate 111) at 90° C. The mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 1hour. More triphenylphosphine (275 mg, 1.05 mmol) was added anddiisopropyl azodicarboxylate (210 μl, 1.05 mmol) was added drop wise.The mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture wascooled and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by reversed phase HPLC (HPLC method A). The productfractions were collected and the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 15 mg of intermediate 112 (10%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=410, RT=2.432 min

Preparation of Example 62

Intermediate 112 (15 mg, 0.04 mmol) was stirred for 3 hours at roomtemperature in a 4N HCl solution in 1,4-dioxane (200 μl). The solventwas removed under reduced pressure. Diethyl ether was added and thesolvent was removed under reduced pressure.

Yield: 10 mg of example 62 (81%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=310, RT=1.168 min

Example 63 Preparation of Example 63

Example 63 is prepared following general scheme 2.

Example 63 was prepared according to similar procedures as the onesapplied to obtain example 3 except that for the Suzuki coupling(3-fluoro-5-hydroxy-phenyl)boronic acid was being used. The ring closurewas effected according to following procedure. A solution of3-[[3-[3-(2-aminoethoxy)-5-fluoro-phenyl]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-yl]amino]propanoicacid (27 mg, 0.08 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (0.9 ml) was added dropwise to a solution of O-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluroniumhexafluorophosphate (HBTU) (30 mg, 0.08 mmol) andN,N-diisopropylethylamine (204 μl, 1.20 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide(1.9 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1hour. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue waspurified by reversed phase HPLC (HPLC method A). The product fractionswere collected and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.

Yield: 5 mg of example 63 (18%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=342, RT=2.556 min

Example 64 Preparation of Example 64

Example 64 is prepared following general scheme 1.

Preparation of Intermediate 113

Intermediate 113 is prepared according to similar procedures that havebeen applied to obtain 10,13-di-tert-butyl7-oxa-10,13,17,18,21-pentaazatetracyclo[12.5.2.1^{2,6}.0^{17,20}]docosa-1(20),2(22),3,5,14(21),15,18-heptaene-10,13-dicarboxylateexcept that (3-hydroxy-5-methoxycarbonyl-phenyl)boronic acid was usedfor the Suzuki coupling. The ring closure was effected according tofollowing procedure. A solution of methyl3-[5-[tert-butoxycarbonyl-[2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)ethyl]amino]pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]-5-hydroxy-benzoate(8.946 g, 15.65 mmol) in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (20 ml/mmol) and asolution of diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (9.31 ml, 46.95 mmol) intoluene (20 ml/mmol) were added simultaneously over a period of 3 hoursto a solution of triphenylphosphine (12.315 g, 46.95 mmol) in toluene(75 ml/mmol) at 90° C. The mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 30 minutes.The reaction mixture was cooled and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane and methanol aseluents (gradient elution from 0% to 10% methanol). The productfractions were collected and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure.

Yield: 7.698 mg of intermediate 113 (89%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=554, RT=1.470 min

Preparation of Intermediate 114

Intermediate 113 (2.00 g, 3.61 mmol) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate(450 mg, 10.83 mmol) in a mixture tetrahydrofuran/methanol/water (2:2:1,40 ml) were stirred at 50° C. for 15 hours. The solvent was removedunder reduced pressure. Water was added and 1N HCl was added to acidifythe solution to pH 5-6. The precipitate was filtered, washed withmethanol and dried under reduced pressure. The residue was used in thenext step without further purification.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=440, RT=0.860 min

Preparation of Intermediate 115

1-Hydroxybenzotriazole (600 mg, 3.84 mmol) was added to a solution ofintermediate 114 (1.123 g, 2.56 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofurane (7.68 ml).N,N′-diisopropylmethanediimine (598 μl, 3.84 mmol) was added and thereaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. Water wasadded and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. Theorganic layer was dried, filtered and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and theproduct was without further purification used in the next step.

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=557, RT=1.190 min

Preparation of Intermediate 116

Sodium borohydride (100 mg, 2.56 mmol) was added at 0° C. to asuspension of intermediate 115 (1.42 g, 2.56 mmol) in drytetrahydrofuran (7.68 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperaturefor 3 hours. More sodium borohydride (20 mg, 0.512 mmol) was added andthe mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 more hour. Water wasadded and the product was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organiclayer was dried, filtered and the solvent was removed under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography oversilica gel using heptane and ethyl acetate as eluents (gradient elutionfrom 0% to 100% ethyl acetate). The product fractions were collected andthe solvent was removed under reduced pressure.

Yield: 357 mg of intermediate 116 (33%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=426, RT=0.792 min

Preparation of Intermediate 117

Intermediate 116 (482 mg, 1.13 mmol) was stirred in 4N HCl in1,4-dioxane (4 ml/mmol) at room temperature for 3 hours. The solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. Toluene was added and removed underreduced pressure. The product was without further purification used inthe next step.

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=362, RT=1.391 min

Preparation of Intermediate 118

Tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (180 mg, 1.19 mmol) was added portionwise to a solution of intermediate 117 (358 mg, 0.99 mmol) andtriethylamine (441 μl, 3.17 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (2.97 ml).The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. Moretert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (180 mg, 1.19 mmol) and triethylamine(441 μl, 3.17 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for another 17 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted withethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried, filtered and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash columnchromatography using dichloromethane and methanol as eluents (gradientelution from 0% to 10% methanol). The product fractions were collectedand the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 356 mg of intermediate 118 (82%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=440, RT=0.823 min

Preparation of Intermediate 119

A mixture of intermediate 118 (356 mg, 0.81 mmol) and triethylamine (170μl, 1.22 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (2.43 ml) was stirred andcyclopropanecarbonyl chloride (80 μl, 0.89 mmol) was added. The mixturewas stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The solvent was removedunder reduced pressure and the residue was triturated in methanol,filtered and dried under reduced pressure.

Yield: 343 mg of intermediate 119 (83%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=508, RT=4.608 min

Preparation of Example 64

A solution of tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride (1M solution intetrahydrofuran, 0.48 ml, 0.48 mmol) and intermediate 119 (224 mg, 0.44mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (1.32 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 2hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue wastriturated in methanol, filtered and dried under reduced pressure.

Yield: 158 mg of example 64 (91%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=394, RT=2.426 min

Example 65 Preparation of Example 65

Example 65 is prepared following general scheme 1.

A mixture of example 38 (52 mg, 0.14 mmol) and formaldehyde (37%solution, 5.4 μl, 1.17 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (0.42 ml) was stirredat room temperature for 1 hour. Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (59 mg,0.28 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for3 hours. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. A saturatedaqueous sodium bicarbonate solution was added and the product wasextracted with a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol (9:1). Theorganic layer was dried, filtered and the solvent was removed underreduce pressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatographyover silica gel using dichloromethane and methanol as eluents (gradientelution from 0% to 10% methanol). The product fractions were collectedand the solvent was removed under reduced pressure.

Yield: 28 mg of example 65 (51%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=391, RT=0.314 min

Example 66 Preparation of Example 66

Example 66 is prepared following general scheme 2.

Preparation of Intermediate 120

2-Aminoethanol (570 μl, 9.46 mmol) was added to a solution of3-bromo-5-chloro-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (2.00 g, 8.60 mmol) andN,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.803 ml, 10.32 mmol) in acetonitrile (25.80ml). The reaction mixture was refluxed overnight. The solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by flashcolumn chromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane and methanolas eluents. The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasevaporated.

Yield: 2.10 g of intermediate 120 (95%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=258, RT=0.386 min

Preparation of Intermediate 121

To a solution of intermediate 120 (2.10 g, 8.17 mmol) in dichloromethane(24.51 ml) was added di(imidazol-1-yl)methanone (1.99 g, 12.25 mmol) andthe mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The precipitatewas filtered, washed with dichloromethane and dried under reducedpressure. The product was without further purification used in the nextstep.

Yield: 2.26 g of intermediate 121 (79%)

Preparation of Intermediate 122

3-(Tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl)oxypropan-1-amine (1.08 g, 5.70 mmol) wasadded to a suspension of intermediate 121 (1.00 g, 2.85 mmol),triethylamine (317 μl, 3.13 mmol) and N,N-dimethylpyridin-4-amine (17mg, 0.14 mmol) in tetrahydrofurane (8.55 ml). The reaction mixture wasstirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was diluted withethyl acetate and the organic layer was washed with water and brine. Theorganic layer was dried, filtered and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane and methanol aseluents. The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasevaporated.

Yield: 1.16 g of intermediate 122 (86%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=472, RT=1.156 min

Preparation of Intermediate 123

A mixture of 1,4-dioxane and water (3:1, 25 ml) was degassed by bubblingnitrogen gas through the mixture. Intermediate 122 (1.16 g, 2.46 mmol),(3-hydroxyphenyl)boronic acid (440 mg, 3.20 mmol),tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (58 mg, 0.05 mmol),2-dicyclohexyl phosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (Xphos) (95 mg,0.20 mmol) and potassium phosphate tribasic (2.60 g, 5 eq.) were addedand the mixture was stirred under nitrogen gas at 80° C. for 2 hours.The reaction mixture was cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate and theorganic layer was washed with brine. The organic layer was dried,filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel usingdichloromethane and methanol as eluents. The product fractions werecollected and the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 1.10 g of intermediate 123 (92%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=486, RT=1.118 min

Preparation of Intermediate 124

Tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride (1M solution in tetrahydrofuran, 3.40 ml,3.39 mmol) was added to a solution of intermediate 123 (1.10 g, 2.26mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (6.78 ml) and the mixture was stirred at roomtemperature overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure.The residue was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water (3×)and brine. The organic layer was dried, filtered and the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. The residue was used in the next stepwithout further purification.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=372, RT=0.459 min

Preparation of Example 66

A solution of intermediate 124 (408 mg, 1.10 mmol) in2-methyltetrahydrofuran (20 ml/mmol) and a solution of diisopropylazodicarboxylate (650 μl, 3.30 mmol) in toluene (20 ml/mmol) were addedsimultaneously over a period of 2 hours to a solution oftriphenylphosphine (866 mg, 3.30 mmol) in toluene (75 ml/mmol ofintermediate 124) at 90° C. The mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 1hour. The reaction mixture was cooled and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane and methanol aseluents. The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasevaporated. The product was triturated with methanol, filtered and driedunder reduced pressure.

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=354, RT=2.785 min

Example 67 Preparation of Example 67

Example 67 is prepared following general scheme 2.

Preparation of Intermediate 125

A mixture of 3-bromo-5-chloro-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (1.55 g, 6.67mmol), methyl 3-(2-methoxyethylamino)propanoate (1.08 g, 6.67 mmol) andN,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.394 ml, 8.00 mmol) in acetonitrile (20 ml)was refluxed overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled, the solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure and ethyl acetate was added. The organiclayer was washed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried,filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residuewas purified by flash column chromatography over silica gel usingheptane and ethyl acetate as eluents (gradient elution from 5% to 70%ethyl acetate). The product fractions were collected and the solvent wasevaporated.

Yield: 1.05 g of intermediate 125 (44%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=358, RT=1.072 min

Preparation of Intermediate 126

A mixture of 1,4-dioxane and water (3:1, 7.92 ml) was degassed bybubbling nitrogen gas through. Intermediate 125 (943 mg, 2.64 mmol),(3-hydroxyphenyl)boronic acid (470 mg, 3.43 mmol),2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (Xphos) (100 mg,0.21 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) (58 mg, 0.05 mmol)and potassium phosphate tribasic (3.40 g, 5 eq.) The reaction mixturewas stirred under nitrogen atmosphere at 70° C. overnight. The reactionmixture was cooled and ethyl acetate was added. The organic layer waswashed with water and brine. The organic layer was dried, filtered andthe solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purifiedby flash column chromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane andmethanol as eluents (gradient elution from 0% to 10% methanol). Theproduct fractions were collected and the solvent was removed underreduced pressure. The carboxylic acid was obtained.

Yield: 484 mg of intermediate 126 (51%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=357, RT=0.600 min

Preparation of Intermediate 127

Sulfuric acid (80 μl, 1.51 mmol) was added drop wise at 0° C. to asolution of intermediate 126 (538 mg, 1.51 mmol) in methanol (4.53 ml).The reaction mixture was refluxed for 4 hours. The solvent was removedunder reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash columnchromatography over silica gel using dichloromethane and methanol aseluents (gradient elution from 0% to 5% methanol). The product fractionswere collected and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Thecarboxylic acid was obtained.

Yield: 338 mg of intermediate 127 (60%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=371, RT=2.839 min

Preparation of Intermediate 128

Intermediate 127 (271 mg, 0.73 mmol), tert-butylN-(2-hydroxyethyl)carbamate (160 mg, 1.02 mmol) and triphenylphosphine(365 mg, 1.39 mmol) were suspended in dry tetrahydrofurane (5.84 ml).Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate (274 μl, 1.39 mmol) was added and thereaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. Moretert-butyl N-(2-hydroxyethyl)carbamate (160 mg, 1.02 mmol),triphenylphosphine (365 mg, 1.39 mmol) and diisopropyl azodicarboxylate(274 μl, 1.39 mmol) were added the reaction mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 days. The solvent was removed under reduced pressureand the residue was purified by flash column chromatography over silicagel using heptane and ethyl acetate as eluents (gradient elution from10% to 90% ethyl acetate). The product fractions were collected and thesolvent was evaporated.

Yield: 211 mg of intermediate 128 (56%)

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=514, RT=1.873 min

Preparation of Intermediate 129

Lithium hydroxide monohydrate (10 mg, 0.35 mmol) was added to a solutionof intermediate 128 (178 mg, 0.35 mmol) in a mixturetetrahydrofuran/methanol/water (2:2:1, 1.05 ml) and the reaction mixturewas stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed underreduced pressure. Toluene was added and evaporated twice. The residuewas used in the next step without further purification.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=500, RT=0.890 min

Preparation of Intermediate 130

Intermediate 129 (175 mg, 0.35 mmol) was stirred in 4N HCl in1,4-dioxane (4 ml/mmol) at room temperature overnight. The solvent wasremoved under reduced pressure. Toluene was added and removed underreduced pressure. The product was without further purification used inthe next step.

LCMS method 1: MH⁺=400, RT=0.471 min

Preparation of Example 67

A solution of intermediate 130 (140 mg, 0.35 mmol) inN,N-dimethylformamide (23 ml) was added drop wise over a period of 30minutes to a solution ofO-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate(HBTU) (400 mg, 1.05 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (917 μl, 5.25mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (12 ml). The reaction was stirred at roomtemperature for 1 hour. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure.The residue was purified by flash column chromatography over silica gelusing dichloromethane and methanol as eluents (gradient elution from 0%to 5% methanol). The product fractions were collected and the solventwas removed under reduced pressure. The product was further purified byreversed phase HPLC (HPLC method A). The product fractions werecollected and the solvent was evaporated.

Yield: 15 mg of example 67 (11%)

LCMS method 2: MH⁺=382, RT=2.548 min

The compounds in Table 1 were prepared by analogy to one of theprocedures described above.

TABLE 1

Compound 1, Example 1

Compound 2, Example 2

Compound 3, Example 3

Compound 4, Example 4

Compound 5, Example 5

Compound 6, Example 6

Compound 7, Example 7

Compound 8, Example 8

Compound 9

Compound 10, Example 9

Compound 11, Example 10

Compound 12, Example 11

Compound 13, Example 12

Compound 14, Example 13

Compound 15

Compound 16

Compound 17, Example 14

Compound 18, Example 67

Compound 19, Example 16

Compound 20

Compound 21, example 61

Compound 22, example 62

Compound 23

Compound 24

Compound 25

Compound 26

Compound 27

Compound 28

Compound 29, Example 17

Compound 30, Example 15

Compound 31, Example 18

Compound 32, Example 19

Compound 33, Example 20

Compound 34, Example 21

Compound 35, Example 22

Compound 36, Example 23

Compound 37, Example 24

Compound 38, Example 25

Compound 39, Example 26

Compound 40, Example 27

Compound 41, Example 28

Compound 42, Example 29

Compound 43, Example 30

Compound 44, Example 31

Compound 45, Example 32

Compound 46, Example 33

Compound 47, Example 34

Compound 48, Example 35

Compound 49, Example 36

Compound 50, Example 37

Compound 51, Example 38

Compound 52, Example 39

Compound 53, Example 40

Compound 54, Example 41

Compound 55, Example 42

Compound 56, Example 43

Compound 57, Example 44

Compound 58, Example 45

Compound 59, Example 46

Compound 60, Example 47

Compound 61, Example 48

Compound 62, Example 49

Compound 63, Example 50

Compound 64, Example 51

Compound 65, Example 52

Compound 66, Example 53

Compound 67, Example 54

Compound 68, Example 55

Compound 69 Example 56

Compound 70, Example 57

Compound 71, Example 58

Compound 72, Example 59

Compound 73, Example 60

Compound 74, Example 63

Compound 75, Example 64

Compound 76, Example 65

Compound 77, Example 66Compound IdentificationMelting Points

For the melting point determination of the compounds of the presentinvention, the following method was used.

Melting Point Method

For a number of compounds, melting points (m.p.) were determined in opencapillary tubes on a Mettler FP62 apparatus. Melting points weremeasured with a temperature ranging from 50° C. to 300° C., using agradient of 10° C./minute. The melting point value was read from adigital display and was not corrected.

TABLE 2 Melting points COMPOUND No MELTING POINT (° C.) 1 >300 2 >3003 >300 4 >300 5 >300 6 ND* 7 ND* 8 269 10 >300 11 >300 12 ND* 13 >300 14ND* 17 >300 18 251.7 19 >300 21 >300 22 ND* 29 ND* 30 185.2 31 ND*32 >300 33 >300 34 ND* 35 >300 36 270.4 37 ND* 38 >300 39 230.7 40 >30041 295 42 >300 43 ND* 44 ND* 45 ND* 46 ND* 47 258.1 48 279.1 49 >30050 >300 51 ND* 52 >300 53 275 54 ND* 55 ND* 56 179.9 57 >300 58 >30059 >300 60 239.1 61 >300 62 >300 63 286.8 64 >300 65 ND* 66 ND* 67 ND*68 295.1 69 >300 70 >300 71 >300 72 272.5 73 >300 74 ND* 75 ND* 76 ND*77 ND* *Not determinedLCMS

For LCMS-characterization of the compounds of the present invention, thefollowing method was used.

General Procedure LCMS

All analyses were performed using an Agilent 6110 series LC/MSDquadrupole coupled to an Agilent 1290 series liquid chromatography (LC)system consisting of a binary pump with degasser, autosampler,thermostated column compartment and diode array detector. The massspectrometer (MS) was operated with an atmospheric pressureelectro-spray ionisation (API-ES) source in positive ion mode. Thecapillary voltage was set to 3000 V, the fragmentor voltage to 70 V andthe quadrupole temperature was maintained at 100° C. The drying gas flowand temperature values were 12.0 L/min and 350° C. respectively.Nitrogen was used as the nebulizer gas, at a pressure of 35 psig. Dataacquisition was performed with Agilent Chemstation software.

LCMS Method 1

In addition to the general procedure LCMS1: Analyses were carried out ona Phenomenex Kinetex C18 column (50 mm long×2.1 mm i.d.; 1.7 μmparticles) at 60° C., with a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. A gradient elutionwas performed from 90% (water+0.1% formic acid)/10% Acetonitrile to 10%(water+0.1% formic acid)/90% acetonitrile in 1.50 minutes, then thefinal mobile phase composition was held for an additional 0.40 min. Thestandard injection volume was 2 μL. Acquisition ranges were set to 254nm for the UV-PDA detector and 80-800 m/z for the MS detector.

LCMS Method 2

In addition to the general procedure LCMS1: Analyses were carried out ona YMC pack ODS-AQ C18 column (50 mm long×4.6 mm i.d.; 3 μm particles) at35° C., with a flow rate of 2.6 mL/min. A gradient elution was performedfrom 95% (water+0.1% formic acid)/5% Acetonitrile to 5% (water+0.1%formic acid)/95% Acetonitrile in 4.80 minutes, then the final mobilephase composition was held for an additional 1.00 min. The standardinjection volume was 2 μL. Acquisition ranges were set to 190-400 nm forthe UV-PDA detector and 100-1400 m/z for the MS detector.

TABLE 3 LCMS data COMPOUND MASS (MH)⁺ RETENTION LCMS NUMBER PEAK TIME(min) METHOD 1 364 3.022 2 2 338 2.267 2 3 365 2.285 2 4 368 2.433 2 5324 2.097 2 6 339 1.528 2 7 324 2.275 2 8 374 2.590 2 10 370 2.917 2 11367 2.939 2 12 382 3.414 2 13 353 1.889 2 14 374 3.011 2 17 351 2.700 218 382 2.548 2 19 409 2.224 2 21 367 1.771 2 22 310 1.168 2 29 454 2.0322 30 395 1.910 2 31 382 2.813 2 32 389 3.208 2 33 391 2.988 2 34 4003.288 2 35 363 2.740 2 36 423 1.942 2 37 367 1.875 2 38 339 2.412 2 39436 1.930 2 40 421 2.050 2 41 395 1.977 2 42 389 3.056 2 43 352 2.612 244 352 2.507 2 45 391 2.410 2 46 381 2 47 388 2.887 2 48 435 2.265 2 49309 1.757 2 50 356 2.790 2 51 377 1.685 2 52 351 1.073 2 53 379 1.911 254 395 1.623 2 55 379 1.206 2 56 408 0.733 2 57 324 1.071 2 58 395 1.2252 59 337 0.998 2 60 351 1.036 2 61 323 1.605 2 62 337 1.090 2 63 4082.247 2 64 337 1.074 2 65 366 2.150 2 66 394 2.788 2 67 377 2.331 2 68366 2.158 2 69 407 2.276 2 70 350 2.915 2 71 365 3.060 2 72 354 2.218 273 338 2.425 2 74 342 2.556 2 75 394 2.426 2 76 391 0.314 1 77 354 2.7852B. Kinase Activity Assay

The inhibition of LRRK2 and LRRK1 kinase was assessed using LRRK2 andLRRK1 recombinant protein in an in vitro peptide-based kinase assay.

Protocol 1

Expression and Purification of Recombinant LRRK2 Protein

LRRK2 protein is prepared as described in Daniëls et al. ((2011) JNeurochem 116, 304-315.). HEK293T cells are transfected withpCHMWS-3xflag-LRRK2 plasmid using polyethyleneimine and lysed after48-72 hours in lysis buffer (Tris 20 mM pH 7.5, NaCl 150 mM, EDTA 1 mM,Triton 1%, Glycerol 10%, protease inhibitor cocktail). Lysates arecleared by centrifugation at 20,000 g for 10 minutes and incubated withnormal mouse IgGs bound to agarose beads to remove proteinsaspecifically binding to agarose or mouse IgGs. After removal of the IgGbead slurry, lysates are incubated for 3 to 18 hours with flagM2 boundto agarose beads. Beads are washed 4 times with wash buffer (Tris 25 mMpH 7.5, NaCl 400 mM, Triton 1%) and rinsed in kinase buffer (Tris-HCl 25mM pH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl₂, 2 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), 0.02% triton, 5 mMbeta-glycerophosphate, 0.1 mM Na₃VO₄). Proteins are eluted in 5 volumesof kinase buffer containing 100 μg/ml 3xflag peptide. For assays usingpurified protein bound to affinity resin, affinity beads are resuspendedin an equal volume of kinase buffer unless otherwise indicated. Purityand concentration are assessed by SDS-PAGE (3-8% tris-acetate SDS gel)and Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining or silver staining. Alternatively,a truncated LRRK2 enzyme (GST tagged LRRK2 of amino acids 970-2527) anda truncated LRRK2-G2019S (GST tagged LRRK2-G2019S of amino acids970-2527) are used.

Kinase Assay LRRK2

For Irrktide phosphorylation, recombinant LRRK2 is incubated with 6 μCiof ₃₂P-ATP (3000 Ci/mmol), 200 μM Irrktide, 10 μM ATP and compound orsolvent per 40 μl reaction for 30 minutes at 30° C. Compounds are testedat concentrations ranging from 10 μM to 10 μM; the final amount of DMSOin the kinase reaction is 1%. Reactions are stopped and spotted to P81phosphocellulose paper and washed 4×10 minutes in 75 mM phosphoric acid.Lrrktide phosphorylation levels are measured via autoradiography. Kinaseassays are performed for each condition in triplicate.

LRRKtide phosphorylation levels are plotted vs. the log of the compoundconcentration and inhibition curves are fitted from which IC50 valuesare derived.

Protocol 2

A radiometric protein kinase assay (³³PanQinase® Activity Assay) is usedfor measuring the kinase activity. All assays are performed in 96-wellFlashPlates™ from Perkin Elmer in a 50 μl reaction volume. The reactioncocktail is pipetted in 4 steps in the following order:

-   -   10 μl of non-radioactive ATP solution (in H2O)    -   25 μl of assay buffer/[γ-³³P]-ATP mixture    -   5 μl of test sample in 10% DMSO    -   10 μl of enzyme/substrate mixture

The assay contains 70 mM HEPES-NaOH pH 7.5, 3 mM MgCl₂, 3 mM MnCl₂, 3 μMNa-orthovanadate, 1.2 mM DTT, ATP (0.3 μM), [γ-³³P]-ATP (approx. 4×1005cpm per well), protein kinase (7.3 nM) and substrate (GSK3(14-27), 1.0μg/50 μl).

The kinase is obtained from Invitrogen Corporation.

The reaction cocktails were incubated at 30° C. for 60 minutes. Thereaction was stopped with 50 μl of 2% (v/v) H₃PO₄, plates were aspiratedand washed two times with 200 μl 0.9% (w/v) NaCl. Incorporation of ³³Pi(counting of “cpm”) was determined with a microplate scintillationcounter.

Compounds

The compounds are dissolved to 10 mM in DMSO. Where needed, solutionsare sonicated in a bath sonicator. Compounds are aliquoted and stored at−20° C.

Table 4 provides the IC₅₀ values of the compounds according to theinvention, obtained using the above mentioned kinase assay.

TABLE 4 IC₅₀ for IC₅₀ for IC₅₀ for truncated Compound full-lengthtruncated LRRK2- No LRRK2 LRRK2 G2019S Protocol 1 N/A +++ +++ 1 2 +++ ++++ 1 3 +++ +++ +++ 1 4 N/A +++ +++ 1 5 ++ ++ ++ 1 6 N/A N/A N/A 7 N/AN/A N/A 8 N/A N/A N/A 10 N/A +++ N/A 2 11 N/A +++ N/A 2 12 N/A ++ N/A 213 N/A +++ N/A 2 14 N/A ++ N/A 2 17 N/A +++ N/A 2 18 N/A N/A N/A 19 N/A++ N/A 2 21 N/A N/A N/A 2 22 N/A N/A N/A 2 29 N/A ++ N/A 2 30 N/A +++N/A 2 31 N/A ++ N/A 2 32 N/A +++ N/A 2 33 N/A +++ N/A 2 34 N/A ++ N/A 235 N/A +++ N/A 2 36 N/A ++ N/A 2 37 N/A +++ N/A 2 38 N/A +++ N/A 2 39N/A ++ N/A 2 40 N/A +++ N/A 2 41 N/A +++ N/A 2 42 N/A +++ N/A 2 43 N/A++ N/A 2 44 N/A + N/A 2 45 N/A ++ N/A 2 46 N/A + N/A 2 47 N/A ++ N/A 248 N/A ++ N/A 2 49 N/A ++ N/A 2 50 N/A +++ N/A 2 51 N/A ++ N/A 2 52 N/A++ N/A 2 53 N/A + N/A 2 54 N/A ++ N/A 2 55 N/A + N/A 2 56 N/A + N/A 2 57N/A + N/A 2 58 N/A + N/A 2 59 N/A + N/A 2 60 N/A +++ N/A 2 61 N/A + N/A2 62 N/A + N/A 2 63 N/A ++ N/A 2 64 N/A + N/A 2 65 N/A + N/A 2 66 N/A ++N/A 2 67 N/A + N/A 2 68 N/A + N/A 2 69 N/A + N/A 2 70 N/A +++ N/A 2 71N/A N/A N/A 72 N/A N/A N/A 73 N/A N/A N/A 74 N/A N/A N/A 75 N/A N/A N/A76 N/A N/A N/A 77 N/A N/A N/A + indicates an IC50 > 1 μM, ++ indicatesan IC50 of between 100 nM and 1 μM, and +++ indicates an IC50 < 100 nMN/A indicates not availableExpression and Purification of Recombinant LRRK1 Protein

LRRK1 protein is prepared essentially as described by Daniëls et al.((2011) J Neurochem 116, 304-315.). HEK293T cells are transfected withpCHMWS-3xflag-LRRK1 plasmid using polyethyleneimine and lysed after48-72 hours in lysis buffer (Tris 20 mM pH 7.5, NaCl 150 mM, EDTA 1 mM,Triton 1%, Glycerol 10%, protease inhibitor cocktail). Lysates arecleared by centrifugation at 20,000 g for 10 minutes and incubated withnormal mouse IgGs bound to agarose beads to remove proteinsaspecifically binding to agarose or mouse IgGs. After removal of the IgGbead slurry, lysates are incubated for 3-18 hours with flagM2 bound toagarose beads. Beads are washed 4 times with wash buffer (Tris 25 mM pH7.5, NaCl 400 mM, Triton 1%) and rinsed in kinase buffer (Tris-HCl 25 mMpH 7.5, 10 mM MgCl₂, 2 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), 0.02% triton, 5 mMbeta-glycerophosphate, 0.1 mM Na₃VO₄). Proteins are eluted in 5 volumesof kinase buffer containing 100 μg/ml 3xflag peptide. Purity andconcentration are assessed by SDS-PAGE (3-8% tris-acetate SDS gel;) andCoomassie Brilliant Blue staining or silver staining.

Kinase Assay LRRK1

To assay autophosphorylation, recombinant LRRK1 is incubated with 6 μCi³²P-ATP (3000 Ci/mmol), 10 μM ATP and 1 μM compound or solvent per 40 μlreaction for 30 minutes at 30° C. Reactions are terminated by adding SDSloading buffer. Samples are loaded onto pre-cast Tris-acetate 3-8% gelsor Tris-glycine 4-20% gels and transferred onto polyvinylidene fluoridemembranes. Incorporated ³P-ATP is detected by autoradiography using aStorm 840 phosphorescence plate scanner. The same membranes are probedwith DR4A/3EDD in house anti-LRRK2 kinase domain antibody to confirm thepresence of LRRK1. Densitometric analysis of the bands on the blotautoradiograms and immunoreactivity is performed using Aida analyzerv1.0 (Raytest, Straubenhardt, Germany) or ImageJ software (NIH, USA).Autophosphorylation levels are calculated as the ratio of theautoradiographic signal over the immunoreactivity level. The results ofthe autophosphorylation assay of LRRK1 are shown in FIG. 1.

Effect on LRRK1 and LRRK2 Phosphorylation Levels in Cells

For labelling of intact cells, LRRK1 or LRRK2 are expressed in HEK293Tcells. Cells are rinsed 2× in DMEM without phosphates and thenmetabolically labelled with 5 μCi/cm² orthophosphate-P³² in DMEM withoutphosphates at 37° C. Following 4-8 hours labelling, cells are treatedwith compound at 1 μM or solvent for 2 hours. Treated cells are thenlysed and LRRK1 or LRRK2 is immunoprecipitated using flag-M2 agarosebeads. Immunoprecipitated protein is resolved on 3-8% SDS-PAGE gels andblotted to pvdf membranes. Membranes are processed as described abovefor the autophosphorylation assay. All conditions are tested intriplicate and the results are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method of treating Parkinson's diseasecomprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a compound of Formula I

or a stereoisomer, tautomer, racemate, pharmaceutical salt, or N-oxidethereof, wherein: A₁ and A₂ are each individually C or N; wherein whenA₁ is C, then A₂ is N, and when A₂ is C, then A₁ is N; X₁ is —C₁₋₆alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆ alkyl-, —(C═O)—,—NR₃—(C═O)—NR₃—(C═O)—C₁₋₆ alkyl-, —(C═O)—NR₃—C₁₋₆ alkyl-, —NR₃—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —C₁₋₆ alkyl-NR₃—C₁₋₆ alkyl-, or —SO₂—NR₃—; wherein said C₁₋₆alkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituentsindependently selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl,—S—C₁₋₆ alkyl, and —NR₃₇R₃₈; X₂ is —C₁₋₆ alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl-, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl-O—C₁₋₆ alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆ alkyl-, —(C═O)—, —(C═O)—NR₂—, —NR₂—C₁₋₆alkyl-, —NR₂—, or —SO₂—NR₂—; wherein said C₁₋₆ alkyl group isunsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independentlyselected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆ alkyl, and—NR₃₉R₄₀; B is —(C═O)—, —(C═N)—R₃₉—, —(SO₂)—, —(C═O)—NR₅—, —(C═S)—NR₅—,—NR₅—(C═O)—NR₇—, —NR₅—(C═S)—NR₇—, —SO₂—NR₅—, —NR₆—, —NR₅—(C═O)—O—,—NR₅—(C═S)—O—, or —CHR₈—; R₁ is —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —NR₉R₁₀, —(C═O)—R₄, —SO₂—R₄,—CN, —NR₉—SO₂—R₄, or -Het₁; wherein said C₁₋₆ alkyl group isunsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independentlyselected from -halo, —OH, —NR₁₁R₁₂, —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, and —S—C₁₋₆ alkyl; R₂is —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —(C═O)—NR₂₇R₂₈, -Het₃,—(C═O)-Het₃, or —SO₂—C₁₋₆ alkyl; wherein said C₁₋₆ alkyl group isunsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independentlyselected from -halo, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆ alkyl, -Het₃, —Ar₂, and—NR₁₃R₁₄; R₃ is —H, -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, —O—C₁₋₆alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, -Het₂,—(C═O)-Het₂, —(C═O)—NR₂₉R₃₀, or —SO₂—C₁₋₆ alkyl; wherein said C₁₋₆ alkylgroup is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituentsindependently selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆ alkyl, —SC₁₋₆ alkyl,—NR₁₅R₁₆, -Het₂, and —Ar₄; R₄ is -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl,—S—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —NR₁₇R₁₈, or -Het₄; R₅ and R₇ are each independently —H,-halo, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —OC₁₋₆ alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆ alkyl, -Het₅, —Ar₁, C₃₋₆cycloalkyl, —SO₂—Ar₃, —SO₂, —SO₂—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —(C═O), —(C═O)—C₁₋₆ alkyl,—O—(C═O)—C₁₋₆ alkyl, or —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆ alkyl; wherein said C₁₋₆ alkylgroup is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituentsindependently selected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆ alkyl, —SC₁₋₆ alkyl,-Het₅, and —NR₂₃R₂₄; R₆ is —SO₂, —SO₂—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —(C═O), —(C═S),—(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —(C═S)—O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —(C═O)—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —(C═O)—C₂₋₆alkenyl, —(C═S)—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —(C═S)—C₂₋₆ alkenyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C—O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —C₁₋₆ alkyl-(C—S)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C—O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —C₁₋₆ alkyl-NR₃₃(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —SO₂—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, —(C═O)—C₃₋₅ cycloalkyl, —(C═S)—C₃₋₅ cycloalkyl,—(C—O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C—S)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C—O)-Het₅, —(C═S)-Het₅, —(C—O)—Ar₆,—(C═S)—Ar₆, or —(C═O)—NR₃₁—(C═O)—R₃₂; wherein said C₁₋₆ alkyl group isunsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independentlyselected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆ alkyl, —SC₁₋₆ alkyl, -Het₅, and—NR₂₅R₂₆; R₈ is —NR₃₄—(C═O)—R₃₅, —NR₃₆—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅, —NR₃₄—(SO₂)—R₃₅,—NR₃₄—(C—O)—O—R₃₅, or —O—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅; R₉, R₁₀, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₁₃, R₁₄,R₁₅, R₁₆, R₁₇, R₁₈, R₁₉, R₂₀, R₂₁, R₂₂, R₂₃, R₂₄, R₂₅, R₂₆, R₂₇, R₂₈,R₂₉, R₃₀, R₃₁, R₃₂, R₃₃, R₃₄, R₃₅, R₃₆, R₃₇, R₃₈, R₃₉ and R₄₀ are eachindependently —H, -halo, —O, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₁₋₆ alkyl,—C₃₋₆cycloalkyl or -Het₁; wherein said C₁₋₆ alkyl group is unsubstitutedor substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from-halo, —OH, —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆ alkyl, -Het₆, and —Ar₅; Ar₁, Ar₂,Ar₃, Ar₄, Ar₅, and Ar₆ are each independently a 5- or 6-membered-aryl ora 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl comprising 1 or 2 heteroatoms which areindependently O, N or S; each of said Ar₁, Ar₂, Ar₃, Ar₄, and Ar₅ beingunsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independentlyselected from —NR₁₉R₂₀, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, and —S—C₁₋₆ alkyl;Het₁, Het₂, Het₃, Het₄, Het₅, and Het₆ are each independently a 5- or6-membered monocyclic heterocycle having from 1 to 3 heteroatoms whichare independently O, N or S; each heterocycle being unsubstituted orsubstituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from -halo,—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —OC₁₋₆ alkyl, —SC₁₋₆ alkyl, and —NR₂₁R₂₂; and each —C₁₋₆alkyl group being unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 halosubstituents; and Z₁, Z₂, Z₃, Z₄ and Z₅ are each independently C or N.2. The method of claim 1, wherein X₁ is —O—CH₂— and R₅ is not —H.
 3. Themethod of claim 1, wherein: A₁ is N; A₂ is C; X₁ is —C₁₋₆ alkyl-,—O—C₁₋₆ alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆ alkyl-, —(C═O)—, —NR₃—(C═O)—, —NR₃—(C═O)—C₁₋₆alkyl, —(C═O)—NR₃—C₁₋₆ alkyl-, —C₁₋₆ alkyl-NR₃—C₁₋₆ alkyl-, or—SO₂—NR₃—; wherein said C₁₋₆ alkyl group is unsubstituted or substitutedwith 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from -halo, —OH, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆ alkyl, and —NR₃₇R₃₈; X₂ is —C₁₋₆ alkyl-,—O—C₁₋₆ alkyl-, —S—C₁₋₆ alkyl-, —(C═O)—, —(C═O)—NR₂—NR₂—C₁₋₆ alkyl-,—NR₂—, or —SO₂—NR₂—; wherein said C₁₋₆ alkyl group is unsubstituted orsubstituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from -halo,—OH, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆ alkyl, and —NR₃₉R₄₀; B is—(C═O)—, —(C═N)R₃₉—, —(SO₂)—, —(C═O)—NR₅—, —(C═S)—NR₅—, —NR₅—(C═O)—NR₇—,—NR₅—(C═S)—NR₇—, —SO₂—NR₅—, —NR₆—, —NR₅—(C═S)—O—, or —CHR₈—; R₁ is —H,—OH, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, —C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆ alkyl,—NR₉R₁₀, —SO₂—R₄, —CN, —NR₉—SO₂—R₄, or -Het₁; wherein said C₁₋₆ alkylgroup is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituentsindependently selected from -halo, —OH, —NR₁₁R₁₂, —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, and—S—C₁₋₆ alkyl; R₅ and R₇ are each independently —H, -halo, —C₁₋₆ alkyl,—OC₁₋₆ alkyl, —S—C₁₋₆ alkyl, -Het₅, —Ar₁, —C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl, —SO₂—Ar₃,—SO₂, —SO₂—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —(C═O), —(C═O)—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —O—(C═O)—C₁₋₆ alkyl,or —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆ alkyl; wherein said C₁₋₆ alkyl group is unsubstitutedor substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from —OH,—OC₁₋₆ alkyl, —SC₁₋₆ alkyl, -Het₅, and —NR₂₃R₂₄, R₆ is —SO₂, —(C═O),—(C═S), —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —(C═O)—C₂₋₆ alkenyl, —(C═S)—O—C₁₋₆ alkyl,(C═O)—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —(C═S)—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —(C═S)—C₂₋₆ alkenyl, —C₁₋₆alkyl-(C═S)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —C₁₋₆ alkyl-NR₃₃(C—O)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —C₁₋₆alkyl-NR₃₃(C—S)—NR₃₁R₃₂, —(C—S)—C₃₋₅ cycloalkyl, —(C—S)—NR₃₁R₃₂,—(C═O)-Het₅, —(C═S)-Het₅, or —(C═O)—NR₃₁—(C═O)—R₃₂; wherein said C₁₋₆alkyl group is unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituentsindependently selected from —OH, —OC₁₋₆ alkyl, —SC₁₋₆ alkyl, -Het₅, and—NR₂₅R₂₆; R₉ is —NR₃₆—(C═O)—NR₃₄R₃₅, —NR₃₄—(SO₂)—R₃₅, —NR₃₄—(C═O)—O—R₃₅,or —O—(C—O)—NR₃₄R₃₅; and Z₁, Z₂, Z₃, Z₄ and Z₅ are each C.
 4. The methodof claim 1, wherein: X₁ is —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl-, —NR₃—(C═O)—C₁₋₆ alkyl-,—(C═O)—NR₃—C₁₋₆ alkyl-, —NR₃—C₁₋₆ alkyl-, —C₁₋₆ alkyl-NR₃—C₁₋₆ alkyl-,or —SO₂—NR₃—; wherein said C₁₋₆ alkyl group is unsubstituted orsubstituted with 1 to 3 —C₁₋₆ alkyl groups; X₂ is —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl-,—S—C₁₋₆ alkyl-, or —NR₂—C₁₋₆ alkyl-; B is —(C═O)—NR₅—, —NR₅—(C═O)—NR₇—,—SO₂—NR₅—, —NR₆—, —NR₅—(C═O)—O—, or —CHR₈—; R₁ is —H, -halo, —C₁₋₆alkyl, —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —(C═O)—R₄, or —CN; wherein said C₁₋₆ alkyl groupis unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 —OH groups; R₂ is —H or—C₁₋₆ alkyl; wherein said C₁₋₆ alkyl is unsubstituted or substitutedwith 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from —OH, —O—C₁₋₆ alkyl,and —NR₁₃R₁₄; R₃ is —H or —C₁₋₆ alkyl; R₄ is —NR₁₇R₁₈; R₅ and R₇ areeach independently —H or —C₁₋₆ alkyl; wherein said C₁₋₆ alkyl isunsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independentlyselected from -halo and —NR₂₃R₂₄; R₆ is —SO₂, —(C═O)—O—C₁₋₆ alkyl,—(C═O)—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —(C═O)—C₂₋₆ alkenyl, —C₁₋₆ alkyl-(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂,—SO₂—C₃₋₅ cycloalkyl, —(C—O)—C₃₋₅ cycloalkyl, —(C—O)—NR₃₁R₃₂,—(C═O)-Het₅, or —(C═O)—Ar₆; wherein said C₁₋₆ alkyl group isunsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independentlyselected from -halo, —OH, —OC₁₋₆ alkyl, -Het₅, and —NR₂₅R₂₆; R₈ is—NR₃₄—(C═O)—R₃₅; R₁₃, R₁₄, R₁₇, R₁₈, R₂₃, R₂₄, R₂₅, R₂₆, R₃₁, R₃₂, R₃₄,and R₃₅ are each independently —H, —C₁₋₆ alkyl, or —C₃₋₆ cycloalkyl; Ar₆is a 5- or 6-membered aryl or a 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl comprising 1or 2 heteroatoms which are independently O, N or S; and Het₅ is a 5- or6-membered monocyclic heterocycle having 1 to 3 heteroatoms which areindependently O, N or S, wherein said heterocycle is unsubstituted orsubstituted with from 1 to 3 —C₁₋₆ alkyl groups; each said —C₁₋₆ alkylgroup being unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 -halo substituents.5. The method of claim 1, wherein A₁ is N; A₂ is C; X₁ is —O—C₁₋₆ alkylor —NR₃—C₁₋₆ alkyl-; X₂ is —NR₂—C₁₋₆ alkyl-; B is —(C═O)—NR₅— or —NR₆—;R₁, R₂, R₃ and R₅ are each —H; R₆ is —(C═O)—C₁₋₆ alkyl, —(C═O)—C₃₋₅cycloalkyl, or —(C═O)—NR₃₁R₃₂; wherein said C₁₋₆ alkyl group isunsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 —NR₂₅R₂₆ groups; R₂₅ and R₂₆,are each independently —H or —C₁₋₆ alkyl; R₃₁ and R₃₂ are each —H; andZ₁, Z₂, Z₃, Z₄ and Z₅ are each C.
 6. A method of claim 1, wherein saidcompound is:


7. The method of claim 1, wherein the bicyclic ring including A₁ and A₂is linked to the ring including Z₁-Z₅ at position Z₁ or Z₂.
 8. Themethod of claim 1, wherein R₁ is linked to the ring including Z₁-Z₅ atposition Z₃, Z₄ or Z₅.
 9. A method of treating Parkinson's diseasecomprising administering to a subject in need thereof a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a compound, wherein said compound is